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16 September 2021, Volume 0 Issue 17
    

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  • ZHENG Yan-yan, JIANG Ming-feng, ZHANG Yue, XIE Xiao-juan, LI Yong-le
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Through exploring the use of antioxidant in food plastic packaging products, an analytical method of determining residues of eight antioxidants (N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine, N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine, Ethoxyquin, 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-Isopropyl-N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, Dioctyldiphenylamine, 1,4-Dianilinobenzene, N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine) by HPLC-MS/MS was established. The samples were extracted by chloroform and methanol, then concentrated and redissolved by methanol. The extract was analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and quantified by external standard method. The linear ranges of eight compounds ranging from 10.0 to 200.0 μg/L with correlation coefficients(R2) more than 0.999, and the detection lower limits were 5.0 μg/kg. The average recoveries of eight compounds were ranging from 81% to 116% at three spiked concentration levels of 10, 20 and 100 μg/kg with relative standard deviations not more than 3.77. The method is accurate, simple and efficient, and can be used for qualitative and quantitative determination of residues of eight antioxidants in food plastic packaging products.
  • ZHANG Luo-hong, HUANG Wan-sha, ZHANG Xin, JIANG Yan
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    This paper developed determination methodology of gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of pharmaceutical rubber stoppers to evaluate the safety of residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A mixture of acetone-hexane (V丙酮∶V正己烷=1∶1) was used as the extraction solvent, the target substances of rubber stopper were extracted by microwave, and D8-naphthalene, D10-pyrene and D12-benzo[a]pyrene were used as internal standards for quantification analysis. Good linearity was observed within the range of 2-200 ng/mL, the correlation coefficient R was 0.9984-0.9999, and the limit of detection was in the range of 0.35-1.25 ng/g in this methodology. Besides, the recovery ranged from 92.24% to 118.47% (RSD:0.86%-13.23%). The above method was used to extract 17 batches of rubber stoppers from 8 manufacturers on the market, and different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were extracted from them. The detected amount of carcinogenic PAHs was in the range of 0.0004 to 0.1278 μg/g, benzo[α]pyrene from 3 batches of the rubber stoppers were in the range of 0.0013-0.0042 μg/g and the detected amount of unclear carcinogenic PAHs was 0.0004-0.2980 μg/g. This method is accurate, sensitive, simple and suitable for the quantitative determination of the residual high-risk carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (above five rings) in rubber stoppers.
  • CHEN Yin-qing, LIU Gui-hua, SHANG Gui-qin, JIANG Huan, ZHU Yu-xiao, ZHU Wen-xin, HU Chang-ying
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    The purpose is to study the applicability of 50% ethanol as the fatty food simulant for food contact rubber. And the results of this study provide data support for the revision of the standard of food contact rubber in China. This paper took the positive rubber samples containing 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene (DPBD) as the research object. The migration of DPBD from the positive rubber samples to real foods, food simulants (50% ethanol and olive oil) and substitute solvent (95% ethanol) were respectively determined and compared by gas chromatograph-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Under the same migration condition, DPBD migration in different simulants and foods showed the rules of 50% ethanol>ham sausage or luncheon meat and olive oil>four kinds of foods. For nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), the migration of DPBD in 95% ethanol was higher than that in olive oil. The results showed that the setting of fatty food simulant (50% ethanol) was not completely applicable in the current standard of food contact rubber. It is recommended to select olive oil as the fatty food simulant. It is not recommended to correct the results of olive oil while the rubber comes into contact with hotpot condiment or butter. It is recommended to correct the results of olive oil while the rubber comes into contact with ham sausage or luncheon meat. It is not recommended to correct the results of 50% ethanol solution while the rubber comes into contact with ham sausage or luncheon meat. 95% ethanol can be used as the substitute solvent for nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), but it is not recommended for ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM).
  • LUO Ren-jie, WANG Yu-wen, LI Yong-le, LIN Qin-bao
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    The purpose of thispaperis to study the migration of 13 chemicals from PVC/LDPE composite hard tablet into calcium zinc gluconate oral solution and its simulants by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), andto assess their safety. Prepare lactic acid solution with volume fraction of 0.6%, 1.25% and 2.5% as food simulation solution, and conduct migration test according to the requirements of GB 31604.1—2015.The original oral solution and its simulants after immersion are filtered and injected. Quantitative analysis is carried out in H-ESI+ and H-ESI− modes respectively. The results areassessed by means of threshold of toxicological concern (TTC).The 13 chemicalsin oral solution and its food simulant have good linearity in their corresponding concentration range, R2 is greater than 0.99, the spike-and-recoveryrange of each substance at three concentration levels are 82.7%-120%, and the relative standard deviation is 1.1%-11%.The migration amount of each substance is lower than the specified limit in GB 9685-2016 and TTC and the calculated theoretical allowable migration amount. The detection method studied in this paper can sensitively and accurately determine the migration of 13 target chemicalsin calcium zinc gluconate oral solution and its simulants. The sources of 13 chemicalscan be divided into intentionally added plastic additives, non-intentionally added substances and solvent residues. Their safety assessment is conducted separately. The results show that the maximum migration amount is lower than the limit requirements, and the exposure amount is lower than the maximum daily intake calculated by TTC method. Therefore, it is preliminarily considered that the safety risk is low.
  • HUANG Xin-qian, YU Wen-wen, HU Chang-ying
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    The effect of temperature and humidity on the surface microbial contamination of starch-based meal boxes and the degradation behavior of starch-based meal boxes by using composting bacteria bury method were studied. The microorganisms were cultured by potato glucose agar medium, and the bacterial colony could be identified as mold by microscopic examination if the colour, morphology and texture conformed to the general characteristics of mold. Secondly, the quantity of mold bacterial colonies contained in different starch-based meal boxes differed considerably (P<0.05), with the order of the quantity of bacterial colonies S-A>S-D>S-F>S-B>S-E>S-C. The degradation degree of different starch-based meal boxes under composting bacteria bury varied largely as well (P<0.05), with the order of weight loss S-B>S-A>S-F>S-D>S-C>S-E. The difference of meal boxes' moisture absorption caused by the difference of starch content, surface distribution as well as amylose-amylopectin ratio in meal boxes was part of the important reasons for the difference of mold deterioration and degradation. With more starch distribution on its surface, the starch-based meal box had a fast degradation speed.
  • ZHANG Zhu-rui, HU Chang-ying
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    The work shows the research related to the degradation behaviour of PLA for food contact and the migration of its chemical substances. The work aims to provide information for the safety and environmental protection of polylactic acid (PLA) for food contact and the improvement of relevant laws and regulations. In addition in the work, the characteristics of PLA, the migration of heavy metals, additives and oligomers in PLA for food contact, and the degradation of PLA together with its composites are analyzed and summarized. Results show that PLA not only bears the same potential safety hazards as traditional plastics, but also has the safety problems caused by the migration of self-degradation products. The degradability of PLA is affected by a variety of factors, not only by its own properties, but also by the properties of copolymers. Conclusions could be drawn that there are still many challenges in the utilization of PLA for food contact. With the increasingly extensive application of PLA for food contact, it is necessary to carry out in-depth research on its safety and environmental protection.
  • WEI Cun-qian, ZUO Ying, XIA Ming-de, LIU Jun
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    This work aims to analyze the similarities and differences between Chinese and EU standards for infant and young children food contact products so as to provide a basis for the improvement of domestic product standards. Through reviewing the standards of Chinese and EU for infant food contact products and combining the real problems in the use of Chinese infant products, the deficiencies of domestic standards are analyzed, and the major directions of future standardization work are prospected. Both China and EU attach great importance to the quality and safety of feeding bottles and teats, with strict limits for high concern substances. However, structures of two standards are different, and EU standard is more comprehensive and stringent. The definition of infant and young children is ambiguous in national food safety standard system of China, and the national and mandatory standards for feeding tools, drinking bottles and cups are missing. The health and safety requirements in infant and young children food contact product standards are strict but, remain to be improved. The national standards covering hygiene performance, product structure design and mechanical properties are needed to be developed.
  • ZHANG Li-yuan, LI Jie-jun, SHI Liu-jie
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    This paper studied the technical specifications of food contact product label for infants and young children, in order to provide technical guidance for manufacturers to design labels.On the basis of the compliance with existing laws and regulations and related standards, this paper analyzed the common problems on the label and summarized the technical requirements of the label. This paper summarized the current effective standards and regulations on the label of food contact product for infants and young children, elaborated the key elements, and provided a reference for manufacturers to design labels. This paper recommended that manufacturers could implement group standards for label or formulate group standards based on the actual situation of the industry.
  • WANG Yun-xiang, LI Wen-sheng, MENG Yan-hua, ZHOU Jia-hua, CHANG Hong, WANG Bao-gang
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    This paper aims to explore the respiratory metabolism characteristics of fressh-cut kiwifruit, so as to provide reference for the design of modified atmosphere packaging and the prediction of fresh-cut kiwifruit shelf life. Hayward kiwifruit was taken as test material, and the gas volume, ethanol content and related quality indexes of it in closed system during storage were determined in a closed system. Results showed that with the in0crease of storage time, the interior of the closed system gradually changed to low oxygen state. The maximum respiration rate of the fresh-cut fruit was a consumption of 6.36 mL/(kg∙h) O2 and a production of 6.53 mL/(kg∙h) CO2. The respiration rate fitting degree of fresh cut kiwifruit was high based on the Michaelis-Menten equation, and the respiration model of enzyme kinetics was established. The equation determination coefficient was above 0.9. Ethanol content of the fruit suddenly increased after 144 hours of storage which may be the fermentation threshold point under a closed packaging condition of fresh-cut fruit. The respiratory metabolism process of fresh-cut kiwifruit accords with the first-order kinetic characteristics, with a high degree of fit in the Michaelis-menten model. Fresh-cut kiwifruit enters an anaerobic respiration state after 144 hours of storage, which can provide a reference for the design of MAP and the prediction of shelf life of fresh cut kiwifruit.
  • ZHANG Zhao, TIAN Quan-ming, WEI Jia, WU Bin
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    The pattern of E-commerce logistics packaging brings problems of anaerobic respiration, alcohol fermentation and off-flavor during the storage and transportation of table grapes. The modified atmosphere combined with micro-porous membrane package was employed in order to improve the quality of postharvest table grapes. The modified atmosphere (5% O2+8% CO2) separately combined with micro-porous membrane M1 (oxygen permeability of 6000 cm3/(m2.d)), micro-porous membrane M2 (oxygen permeability of 8000 cm3/(m2.d)) and polyethylene film (oxygen permeability of 300 cm3/(m2.d)) were used to pack Red Globe and Munage grape, respectively. The time of anaerobic respiration and physiological indexes were determined to evaluate the effects of different E-commerce logistics packages on the postharvest quality of table grapes. The storage conditions were as follow:(0±0.5)℃ for 7 d and then (15±1.0)℃ for 9 d, (15±1.0)℃ for 12 d. The modified atmosphere combined with micro-porous membrane package inhibit the increase of pH and alleviated the decrease of hardness, total soluble solids (TSS), titrate acid (TA), vitamin c (Vc) and total phenol content, which maintained the postharvest quality of Red Globe and Munage grapes. Compared with M2, M1 could better reduce the decay and delay the decrease of TSS, TA and Vitamin C contents. These results demonstrated that modified atmosphere combined with micro-porous membrane M1 avoided the occurrence of anaerobic respiration, maintained the appearance and nutritional quality and delayed the fruit senescence process, which prolonged the shelf life of Red Globe and Munage grapes.
  • LI Zi-han, FEI Zi-xuan, GUO Hui, WANG Si-zhen, NI Na
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    This paper aims to study the effect of short-time heat treatment on eating quality of lamb meat, explore suitable conditions of short-time heat treatment, so as to provide scientific basis for short-time heat processing of meat. Lamb longissimus dorsi muscle was used as raw materials, the effects of different final temperatures of short-time heat treatment on cooking loss, texture characteristics, shear force, color, microstructure and sensory quality of meat samples were analyzed. During the process of short-time heat treatment, cooking loss with the temperature increasing showed a trend of significant increase (P<0.05), and that the hardness, chewiness, and shear force along with the rising temperature showed two increasing stages (P<0.05). When the final heating temperature was higher than 80 ℃, the color and micro structure of lamb meat showed obvious cooked state, and obtained higher sensory scores. In conclusion, compared with long-time heat treatment, short-time heat treatment with a final heating temperature higher than 80 °C can give the lamb meat better eating quality.
  • WANG Xu-kun, ZHENG Hui-xin, SONG Bing-mei, YANG Zhi-hui, DOU Bo-xin, ZHANG Na, LIU Ying
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    In this paper, the quality characteristics and functional products of reformed rice were summarized and discussed, and their related mechanisms were summarized and discussed, so as to provide reference for researchers in this field. This paper reviews the current status and progress of research on the aspects including gelatinization characteristics, textural characteristics, digestive characteristics, ageing characteristics, low GI, low protein and nutrient enrichment of reformed rice. Most of the current studies tend to focus on the surface processing technology, but there is a lack of research on the effect of nutrients on the characteristics. In addition, at present, the preparation process of reformed rice is relatively complex and the yield is lower, which limits the market scale of reformed rice to some extent. It is necessary to strengthen the research on the molecular mechanism and improve the development safety of reformed rice, so as to develop reformed rice products with healthier and better quality, and more market potential.
  • QIU Ling-min, QIAN Jing, YIN Xian-hua
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    A new time-temperature indicator (TTI) was prepared based on the stimulus-response principle of polydiacetylene liposomes. The polydiacetylene liposome solution was placed in water of different temperatures to explore its thermochromic properties. The liposomes formed by diacetylene monomers were encapsulated in calcium alginate gel microspheres by internal emulsification. The time-temperature indicator was composed of 0.25 g liposome gel microspheres and 0.5 g Tween-20 solution with different mass fractions (20%, 30%, 40% and 50%). The kinetic characteristics of TTI were studied by taking b as the color change parameter. The color transition temperature of polydiacetylene was 65 ℃. There was an exponential relationship between the variable parameters of TTI and time. The higher concentration and temperature the Tween-20 solution has, the faster the discoloration rate is, and the endpoint of discoloration is related to the temperature and the concentration of Tween-20 solution. The new time-temperature indicator with high temperature sensitivity has potential to be used to indicate the temperature history in food circulation.
  • YANG Jun-lun, HUANG Jue, GUO Yong-hong
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    The work aims to study the correlation between the discharge parameters of bio-powered TTI and the quality parameters of yogurt. Potato was used as the substrate of biological battery, copper and zinc were used as electrodes to make bio-powered TTI in the experiment, the bio-powered TTI and yogurt were stored at 37 ℃ for 30 minutes and stored at 2-6 ℃ for the rest of the time to simulate the multiple temperature changes experienced by the yogurt from the place of production to the consumer's residence. Time, temperature and discharge parameters of bio-powered TTI were obtained in real time by self-made platform. Taking yogurt and bio-powered TTI stored at 2-6 ℃ as control, the changes of the number of lactic acid bacteria and mold in yogurt were detected during the experiment. It was found that the output voltage amplitude and discharge integral of bio-powered TTI will match with the change of ambient temperature, and also have a certain linear relationship with the change of the number of lactic acid bacteria through the experiments. Bio-powered TTI has the potential to detect the deterioration of yogurt. The total amount of discharge can be changed to match more food by changing the conductance cell constant, substrate species, pretreatment temperature and time of TTI.
  • PAN Xi, YANG Jun-peng, WANG Hao, HE Yun-lu, RONG Lin, WANG Lei
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    To establish an efficient and accurate analytical test method for quick detection of the type and content of volatile gases in cigarette packaging materials. With the help of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the detection performance of traditional headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) and solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) were compared respectively, and the parameters of SPME-GC-MS were optimized. The optimal analysis conditions for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the odor of cigarette materials by SPME-GC-MS were determined, and the packaging materials of cigarette packs with complicated printing processes were detected efficiently and accurately. The SPME-GC-MS method established in this paper can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the volatile odors of cigarette packaging materials and provides a new strategy for the quality evaluation of the packaging materials and the odor detection during the printing process.
  • ZHAO Ya-tao, JIAN Yu-lan, SAN Fu-hua, CHAI Xi-juan, XIE Lin-kun
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    In order to overcome the limitation that fabrication of oleophobic surfaces were always dependent on the use of fluorinated compounds, the amphiphobic wood surfaces were fabricated with non-fluorinated chemical which exhibited to resist against absorption of both water and oil. Methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) was mixed with 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid in a 4∶1 ratio, and then the mixture liquid was sonicated in an ice-bath for different lengths of time to induce hydrolysis. After hydrolysis, the wood was immersed in the hydrolyzed MTMS solutions to coated for 5 minutes. The elemental composition and surface chemistry of wood before and after coated with MTMS were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the wetting behaviour for water and oil was measured with static contact angle, and the absorption of water and oil was measured by submerging the wood in the liquid for different times. The results showed that an abundance of Si element and the low surface energy of methyl groups were present on the coated wood surface; the water contact angles increased gradually from 79.8° to 90.7° as a function of hydrolysis time extending from 30 min to 240 min, while oil contact angles remained about at 50° essentially the same; the rate of water absorption before and after coated with MTMS was greater than that of oil absorption. The wood coated with MTMS was amphiphobicity and the hydrophobic stability raised with the increase of hydrolysis time, but the oleophobic stability was less affected by the hydrolysis time.
  • LIANG Shuang, SONG Hai-yan, WANG Li-jun
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    In order to prepare a green and efficient compound gas phase corrosion inhibitor for metal anti-rust packaging. Sodium benzoate (C7H5CO2Na), sodium gluconate (C6H11O7Na), phytic acid (C6H18O24P6) and sodium citrate (C6H5Na3O7) were selected as compound drugs, and A3 steel and 45# steel were used as the experimental objects. The compound gas phase corrosion inhibitor formula with the highest corrosion inhibition rate was selected through the volatilization weight-loss test in closed space, the rapid gas phase discrimination experiment, the electrochemical experiment and the damp heat experiment. The vapor phase corrosion inhibitor with the highest corrosion inhibition rate was made into vapor phase rust prevention paper, and the rust prevention effect was compared with anti-rust base paper and commercial vapor phase anti-rust paper. The control experiment used scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy spectrometer (EDS) and contact angle meter test. The quaternary compound group 11 g/L sodium benzoate+11 g/L sodium gluconate+15 g/L phytic acid+5 g/L sodium citrate had the highest corrosion inhibition rate, and the corrosion inhibition rate for A3 steel reached 94.36%. The corrosion inhibition rate of 45# steel reached 94.47%. The A3 steel and 45#steel protected by the anti-rust paper had a smooth surface, no corrosion, low oxygen content, and a contact angle greater than 90°, showing obvious hydrophobicity. After the screening, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor with the highest corrosion rate was finally determined as 11 g/L sodium benzoate+11 g/L sodium gluconate+15 g/L phytic acid+5 g/L sodium citrate, and the anti-rust effect of the prepared composite VCI paper is better than the anti-rust base paper of the blank control group and the commercial VCI paper.
  • WANG Dan, MEI Jing, ZHANG Kun, YUAN Xin-qiang, LIU Jie
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    Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)/polymer composites have been a hot topic in the field of materials science in recent years. The new organic-inorganic nanoparticle POSS with special cage structure can be used to modify the organic glass (PMMA), which can improve the thermal, mechanical, and flame retardant properties of PMMA, so as to improve the use efficiency of PMMA and broaden its application field. The literature analysis was carried out to clarify the synthesis methods, characteristics, and applications of POSS. And the application of POSS modified PMMA was comprehensively reviewed. This paper analyzes shortcomings of the current research on POSS modified PMMA, and puts forward the key problems to be solved on how to replace tempered glass with POSS modified PMMA in the field of high-rise buildings and traditional transparent material packaging.
  • ZHOU Lu, FU Zhi-qiang, ZHANG Lei, ZHAO Xing-xing, GUO Kai-wen
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    In order to reduce the damage caused by temperature during the transportation of the products, the paraffin-octanoic acid/graphite phase change material was prepared and its properties were investigated. Its performance was analyzed through thermophysical experiments, including differential scanning calorimetry and TEMPOS thermal characteristics, were used to analyze its performance. Six kinds of paraffin and octanoic acid with different mass ratios were prepared. The paraffin-n-octanoic acid with a mass ratio of 0.2∶0.8 reached the eutectic point, with a phase transition potential of 161.31 J/g and a phase transition temperature of 13.4 ℃. The thermal conductivity of paraffin-octanoic acid with a mass ratio of 0.2∶0.8 was improved by adding different contents of graphite. It was found that the thermal conductivity increased by 3.9 times and cycle stability became good when the graphite content was 20%. Considering three aspects such as phase transition potential, phase transition temperature and thermal conductivity, the conclusion is that the best paraffin-octanoic acid/graphite phase change material can be obtained by adding 20% graphite to the paraffin-octanoic acid/graphite phase change material with a mass ratio of 0.2∶0.8, which can meet the requirements of transportation environment of 10-20 ℃.
  • WANG Bing, FAN Ya-li, JIANG Gui-chang, LIU Jing-yi
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    A new type of polyurethane material was synthesized from 2,4 toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 2,2 dihydroxymethyl butyric acid (DMBA) and polycaprolactone (PCL). Different mass fractions of nano silver were added as antibacterial agent. The effects of R value (molar ratio of —NCO/—OH) and the amount of nano silver on the properties of the film were investigated. Polyurethane films were prepared from materials with different R values and nano-silver antibacterial agents. The effects of different R values and nanosilver dosage on the mechanical properties, oxygen permeability, hydrophilic/hydrophobic, water absorption, acid and alkali resistance and antibacterial properties of the films were analyzed. With the increase of R value, the mechanical properties of the film first increased and then decreased, the surface properties changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, the air permeability and water absorption decreased, and the resistance to alkali and acid increased. The addition of a small amount of nano silver has no significant effect on the mechanical properties, hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties, oxygen permeability and water absorption of the film, but increases the resistance to alkaline and decreases the resistance to acid. The higher the R value is, the better the properties of the film. The addition of nano silver gives the film some antibacterial properties.
  • ZHANG Yun-xiu
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    The traditional plastic packaging has poor permeability, and is not conducive to environmental protection. In order to solve these defects, we developed a new type of packaging material for external fixation of plastic-fine bamboo molded special-shaped plates, and determined its performance by experimental method. In the paper, Firstly, the characteristics and forming process of this new type packaging material for plastic-fine bamboo molded special-shaped plates were introduced. Secondly, the optimum bamboo to plastic ratio of the new packaging material during its manufacturing was determined by experiments. Finally, the elastic modulus of the main direction of the packaging material for the special-shaped plates was figured out by using probability design theory, and its theoretical formula was verified by experiments. The experimental results showed that when the bamboo to plastic ratio was 0.150, properties of the packaging material for special-shaped plates were better. The average value of the maximum pressure resistance per unit mass of the upper plate packaging material reached 4.33 kN/kg, and that of the lower plate packaging material reached 5.26 kN/kg. The results of mechanical experiment showed that the formula of elastic modulus theory was correct, and the addition of fine bamboo filaments improved the mechanical properties of the original packaging material. The new packaging material has better stability and air permeability, and is more environmentally-friendly, which is an ideal substitute for the traditional plastic packaging materials. The study will promote the development of the industrialization of packaging materials for special-shaped plates in China, and will provide theoretical and experimental basis for the design and manufacture of industrial processing equipment of packaging materials for special-shaped plates.
  • HUO Yin-lei, JI Xi-long, LIU Yan-heng
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    In terms of dropping shock response of damped hyperbolic tangent nonlinearity packaging system, this paper discusses effective method for analytic solution. Based on the multi-scale method and Lindstedt-Poincare perturbation method (MSLP), the approximate solution of dropping shock of damped hyperbolic tangent nonlinear packaging system is discussed. Through comparison with the R-K solutions, the results show that the error of linear MSLP approximate solution for acceleration and maximum displacement of small damping hyperbolic tangent nonlinearity system (ζ<0.5) dropping shock is less than 5%. and the calculation error decreases rapidly with the decrease of the system damping ratio ζ, without additional correction for the amplitude and frequency. The linear MSLP approximate solution has good calculation precision, especially for small damping hyperbolic tangent nonlinearity system. This research provides a new and effective method reference for the analysis of such problems.
  • LIU Kun-hong, ZHOU Li-quan, LIU Cong-jun, CHEN Li, XIONG Chang-you, ZHU Ju-hong
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    To study the safety of the PET lenticular carton (hereinafter referred to as the carton) when the whole package (hereinafter referred to as the package) is dropped, effective buffer protection is carried out according to the force transmission method and the force-bearing part during the fall process, so as to save the packaging cost. A 10 kg package was subjected to a drop impact test at a drop height of 0.61 m. Based on the test data, the impact acceleration and drop deformation parameters of the carton and foam cushion were obtained. As a result, the changing law of the impact force of the carton and foam cushion during the drop impact process is obtained. The foam cushion absorbs a large amount of impact, prolongs the impact pulse contact time, and reduces the impact force transmitted to the carton. When the package is dropped, the foam cushion begins to be compressed, absorbs the external impact force, and protects the inner carton. The damage to the carton during the rebound stage is greater than that at the beginning of the collision. All these prove that under the cushioning protection of the foam cushion and the outer corrugated box, the PET lenticular carton is safe and reliable to drop at a height of 0.61 m.
  • DAI Wan-ying, ZHOU Yong, XU Xiang-liang
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    In order to improve the security of image encryption algorithm, a new image encryption algorithm of multi-ring and multi-wing hyperchaotic system is proposed. The multi-ring and multi-wing hyperchaotic system was obtained by the fractal transformation of super Lorenz chaotic system. A look-up table operation diffusion algorithm based on the chaotic system was designed. The algorithm adopted the typical scrambling diffusion mode, used the Logistic chaotic system to scramble the plaintext image without repeated index. The key sequence generated by the new multi-ring and multi-wing hyperchaotic system was combined with the plaintext information, and each pixel value of the once diffused image was diffused forward and backward to obtain the final encrypted image. The average fixed point ratio of scrambling image was approximately 0.003%, the histogram distribution of ciphertext was uniform, the correlation of adjacent pixels was almost zero, the information entropy was 7.999, and the values of NPCR, UACI and BACI were 99.61%, 33.46% and 26.7%, respectively. Compared with similar encryption algorithms, the encryption effect of this algorithm is better. The algorithm has strong key sensitivity, and can effectively resist the attacks of cutting and noise. The proposed image encryption algorithm has high security.
  • FANG En-yin, YANG Sheng-wei, GU Ping
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    In the color management system, the color prediction performance of the forward color conversion model directly affects the color separation accuracy of the reverse model. Aiming at the research and development of color management system, this paper aims to study and analyze the several influencing factors on the color prediction performance of forward Neugebauer model, and provides parameter optimization scheme for the application of the model. With the help of MATLAB platform, the cellular Neugebauer models based on different cell-levels, different locations and quantities of test samples, and the different cellular correction schemes were simulated. Through the printing and measurement experiments of samples, the influence of above factors on the color prediction performance of the cellular Neugebauer model was evaluated, and then the optimal parameter scheme of the model was determined. The result of the experiment indicated that accuracy of the model increased with the increase of cell level, but no longer with significant changes at cell-level 4 or 5. In addition, the number and location of sampling points within the cell as well as the cellular correction scheme exerted no effective influence on the accuracy of color conversion. Based on the above analysis, this paper determined to use the five-levels cellular division, the cell-center sampling and the unified cellular correction scheme (all the cells share one correction index) to optimize the cellular Neugebauer model. Compared with the same type of algorithm model, and in the case of the same number of test samples, the predicted color difference of the cellular Neugebauer model with optimized parameters, i1 Profiler software and the cellular neural network model were all less than 1 CIEDE2000 color difference unit, and the difference among them was all less than 0.15, which was within the range of system error, and the predicted color difference of the distance-weighted interpolation algorithm reached more than 3. Considering the algorithm structure, the neural network model requires training and modeling of all cells, with a large amount of computation. Therefore, considering the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm, the cellular Neugebauer model with optimized parameters can meet the demands of color reproduction in the current printing industry.
  • CHEN Xiao-ying, SUN Rui-xia, CHENG Ning-xuan, CAI Sheng-yan
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    This paper aims to review the research techniques and progress of color matching functions at home and abroad, and puts forward the development trend and future research directions, so as to provide some reference for further research of personalized color matching functions. Firstly, the two techniques for obtaining color matching functions are introduced. Then the factors that affect the observer's color matching functions are analyzed and summarized. The color matching functions published at home and abroad are introduced according to their classification. At last, the current challenges and future development trends of color matching function researches are summarized. Establishing a personalized color matching function is a complicated process, and it is necessary to combine disciplines such as color science, visual physiology, and psychophysics to study personalized color matching functions in depth.
  • WANG Hui, QIN Guang-yi, YANG Chun-mei
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    Aiming at the problems of long path planning time and more turns in the planned path of automatic guided vehicle used in customized furniture production and packaging workshop, a path planning algorithm based on improved Q-learning algorithm is proposed. According to the environment of customized furniture production and packaging workshop, the grid method was used to model the workshop. The artificial scalar field of the workshop environment was established to make purpose of the early search of the learning layer Q-learning algorithm more clear, and the turning penalty was added to the reward function, so as to quickly plan a short path with less turns. Simulation results show that the iterations of the improved algorithm reduced by 70.46%, 64.40%, 67.75%, and 30.49%, respectively compared with standard Q-learning algorithm, learning layer Q-learning, artificial potential field Q-learning, and deep double Q network algorithm. Turning times reduced by 80%, 80.95%, 83.33%, 73.33% respectively. The improved Q-learning algorithm can effectively improve the smoothness of the path, reduce the time of path planning, and improve the efficiency of the automatic guided vehicle.
  • ZHANG Hao, KE Sheng-hai, HE Lin-long
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    As for the problems of product damage and waste of packaging resources in shipping, distribution, use and recycling of high-scale liquor express package, combined with the concept and characteristics of shared packaging, this paper proposes a standardized, collapsible, anti-counterfeiting and tampering proof innovative design alternative of express package for high-scale liquor. An in-depth analysis of the current situation of express packaging for high-scale liquor was made through market investigation, to define the concept of sharing and incorporate it into the express package of high-scale liquor. The following were discussed and carried out, such as the shared express packaging design strategy for high-scale liquor, innovative design practices from shared packaging modeling, structural design, material selection, tamper-evident closure, lease and recycling system, etc. Environmentally friendly materials and standardization were used, as well as collapsible box structure design, thus the logistics cost was reduced, and the packaging recycling utilization rate was improved. In the functional design, built-in airbag was used to replace the traditional cushioning packaging. It effectively solved the adaptation problem of built-in products and improved the packaging cushioning strength to a certain extent. The tamper-evident auxiliary functions allowed improving the packaging safety protection coefficient, greatly reducing the probability of package theft, and enabling high-grade liquor express package to be green and safe for shared circular transportation. The recyclable shared express packaging for high-scale liquor in the design alternative not only meets the basic functions of express packages, but also effectively solves safety problems, waste of resources, and poor adaptability of existing express packaging, thus providing a better form for the innovative development of shared packaging.
  • YUE Wan-de, REN Jing, LIU Zhou-zhou, YANG Nan
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    Aiming at the problem that the traditional fruit and vegetable grading equipment and technology are complex and not suitable for small-scale fruit growers, a tomato size and shape grading detection algorithm based on machine vision was designed. In this algorithm, the improved gray level calculation based on color difference and Otsu algorithm was used to solve the problem of the influence of shadow on contour. Then, the top view of tomato image was obtained by distortion correction based on control point transform, and contour noise was removed by area threshold and Fourier transform. Finally, the physical size of tomato was calculated by comparing the pixel size of reference object, and automatic grading and calibration were carried out. The experimental results show that the accuracy of tomato size measurement with shadow interference is more than 95%, and the measurement deviation is negative. The algorithm uses software to replace the hardware needed for traditional grading, and solves the key problems such as shadow, distortion, noise, etc.
  • FANG Xiang-yang, ZHONG Fei, XIA Jun-yong, LI Zhe
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    Aiming at the problems of fold and deviation of paper-plastic composite bag in the process of transmission, a paper-plastic composite bag deviation correction system based on magnetic pressing device was proposed in this paper. The deformation of paper-plastic composite bag under the influence of multi-factors was analyzed to guide and improve the deviation correction system. Firstly, the deviation correction system was designed according to the principle of magnetic pressure. Then, the deformation of paper-plastic composite bag was simulated based on the explicit dynamic finite element contact theory. Finally, an experimental platform was set up and the deformation of the paper-plastic composite bag was measured to verify the simulation results. The optimum scheme is as follows:the dynamic friction coefficient between paper-plastic composite bag and belt is 0.25, the magnetic pressure is 7 N, the distance between belts is 476 mm. The experimental results obtained by the platform are basically consistent with the simulation results. Based on the experimental results, the improved magnetic deviation correction system can be applied to the deviation correcting of paper-plastic composite bags to meet the needs of industrial production.
  • LUN Xin-kai, ZHANG Guang-wen, HOU Zhi-hui
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    According to the meshing characteristics and working environment of corrugated roller, the influence of corrugated paper and different rotation speeds on the change of center distance of corrugated roller are analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for improving the rotation stability of corrugated roller mechanism. Firstly, the 3D modeling software CREO is used to establish the 3D model of the upper and lower corrugated rollers and corrugated paper, and then the dynamic analysis software ADAMS is used to simulate the motion process of the corrugated roller. From the simulation results, the curves of the center distance of the corrugated roller under the conditions of no corrugated paper, with corrugated paper and different rotation speeds are obtained, and the curves are compared and analyzed. When there is no corrugated paper, the change of the center distance between the upper and lower corrugated rollers is within 0.45 mm. When there is corrugated paper, the change of the center distance between the upper and lower corrugated rollers is within 0.045 mm. The existence of corrugated paper can reduce the variation of the center distance of the corrugated roller and make the rotation of the corrugated roller mechanism more stable than that at idle. The existence of corrugated paper is conducive to reducing the vibration and wear of the corrugated roller; The rotation speed has little effect on the change of the center distance of the corrugated roller. The production efficiency of corrugated paper can be improved by appropriately increasing the rotation speed.
  • KANG Yuan-bing, ZHAO Fu-zhe
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    In order to improve the sorting accuracy of packaging production line, a visual tracking system was designed with Delta robot as the research object. The structure of sorting system of packaging production line was introduced in detail, including robot module, control module, vision module and conveyor belt module. A translation calibration algorithm was proposed, which could simplify the whole calibration process, improve the accuracy and reduce the calibration time. The algorithm could better reduce the influences of space restriction on the tracking system. An image processing method was described, which could realize material identification, positioning and capture through the parameters such as the area, roundness and rectangle of the connected area. The feasibility and effectiveness of the system were verified by specific experiments. Delta robot visual tracking system has a missing capture rate of less than 0.1% and a false capture rate close to 0, which significantly improves the accuracy. In the whole process, the robot runs stably without any impact or vibration, and the system has high reliability, which can fully meet the requirements of packaging and other related industries.
  • WANG Dong-yun, ZHANG Wei-ping, WANG Zhi-jia
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    In order to improve the success rate of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag identification, automatic sorting efficiency and intelligent level of packaging production line, an automatic packaging, detection and distribution system is designed by combining RFID technology with the detection system of packaging production line as the research object. The RFID detection system is introduced, including tag, reader, antenna and control system. To solve the problem of tag collision in RFID identification, an improved ALOHA algorithm is proposed and the dynamic predictive weight is used to estimate the number of tags so that the number of tags is approximately equal to the length of the data frames. The validity of ALOHA algorithm is verified by experiments. Experimental results show that the average collision rate is only 1.1%, and the success rate of the whole system can reach 99.6%. The improved ALOHA algorithm can effectively avoid tag collision. The system can complete the inspection automatically with less time and higher accuracy. The designed inspection system can improve the inspection efficiency of packaging production line and has high market application value.
  • HAN Hua, LI Na
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    In order to improve the weighing accuracy and stability of granule packing machine, a granule packing machine weighing system was designed based on PLC. The structure and technological process of granule packing machine were analyzed, and the control system structure was given, including core processor PLC, AC controller, servo motor driver, sensor, three-phase motor and servo motor, etc. Taking weight control as the main research object, a particle swarm fuzzy PID weighing controller was proposed to improve the convergence speed, universality and portability of the weighing control system. Finally, the simulation and experimental research were carried out. The relevant results show that, compared with the fuzzy PID controller, the system has a faster response speed and a shorter time to reach the stable state after particle swarm optimization algorithm is added. The actual packing error is only 0.528%. The weighing control system can effectively improve the weighing accuracy and is conducive to improving the automation level of the granule packing machine.
  • XIONG Xin-guo, HAO Jun, LIU Yong-jun
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    In order to improve the accuracy and stability of the material feeding speed control and shorten the adjustment time of the speed, this paper studies the material feeding speed control method of pillow packing machine based on the double fuzzy PID. Firstly, the speed input signal in the controller is used to form the fuzzy language set. Then the weighted average decision method is used to reverse the fuzzy processing of fuzzy language sets to form identifiable values. On this basis, the fuzzy control adaptive adjustment of PID control parameters, combined with the adaptability of the fuzzy control process and the accuracy of PID control, the formation of a double fuzzy PID control method to control the identifiable numerical values, so as to improve the accuracy and stability of the material feeding speed control process. The experimental results show that the average speed control deviation of this method is 1.17 mm, which can effectively realize the accurate control of speed, and the influence of environmental noise on the accuracy of speed control is small. In the case of different packing speed, the control adjustment time is shorter and the stability is stronger. Experimental results show that this method is effective.
  • CHEN Ya-mei
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    In order to understand the dynamic performance of stacking robot more comprehensively and analyze the influence of arm deformation on the motion accuracy of stacking robot. Taking ABB IRB760 robot as the analysis object, the rigid-flexible coupling dynamics model was obtained by Lagrange method. Then, ADAMS software was used to conduct rigid-body dynamics simulation and rigid-flexible coupling dynamics simulation for the robot's movement process in a working cycle. The velocity curve of flexible simulation of robot end-effector was basically the same as that of rigid simulation, and the velocity changes in the running process were stable and continuous without abrupt change. However, the displacement curve was different when the robot's running state changes, and the acceleration of flexible simulation fluctuated greatly. The flexible deformation of the stacking robot arm has a great influence on the operation accuracy and stability of the robot, the rigid and flexible coupling method can be used to analyze the operation state of stacking robot more accurately.
  • TAO Yin-qiang
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    In order to solve the application problems of six-axis robots in packing industry, such as packing, handling and other processes, in this paper, the robot is designed based on the handling process of the packaging production line and its dynamics is studied. According to the operation characteristics of the handling process of the packaging production line, the robot structure is designed as a six-axis joint robot, and each joint is driven by a servo motor connected with a reducer. The dynamics of the robot is analyzed by Newton-Euler method, and the robot model is established and its dynamics is simulated by ADAMS software. The motion trajectory curve of the designed robot joint changes smoothly, the trajectory is smooth and continuous, and the angular velocity and angular acceleration curve are smooth without mutation. The robot moves smoothly and has little vibration during the movement, which proved the rationality of the structure design and provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design of the six-axis robot.
  • ZHANG Kun-ping
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    According to the packaging requirements of the product, the surface needs to be wrapped with film to ensure dust-proof, moisture-proof, cleaning and convenient transportation. The full-automatic on-line winding packaging machine control system is designed, which can be grafted in the current production line and replace the traditional manual operation mode, so as to improve the packaging efficiency, product beauty, reduce the labor intensity of workers and enterprise cost. According to the requirements and current situation of the current conventional product winding and packaging process, a full-automatic online winding and packaging machine control system based on PLC and touch screen is built. The control system is based on Siemens 1500 series PLC, equipped with digital / analog input and output modules, and combined with multi-sensor fusion technology. Through the Weinview MT6070ih touch screen on the packaging machine, the operation status of the whole packaging machine can be monitored and controlled.The control system not only can automatically transport the product to the turntable of the winding packaging machine and pack it according to the set requirements when receiving the packaging signal, but also can transfer the product to the next turnover area after the packaging is completed automatically. It can realize the maximum packaging speed of 40 bags/h under full-automatic mode.The practice shows that the full-automatic on-line winding packaging machine adopts the control system with PLC as the core, which is flexible in debugging, stable in operation, beautiful in product packaging effect, reduces the labor intensity of workers and the consumables of packaging materials, and improves the efficiency of product packaging and enterprise benefits.