In order to improve the security of image encryption algorithm, a new image encryption algorithm of multi-ring and multi-wing hyperchaotic system is proposed. The multi-ring and multi-wing hyperchaotic system was obtained by the fractal transformation of super Lorenz chaotic system. A look-up table operation diffusion algorithm based on the chaotic system was designed. The algorithm adopted the typical scrambling diffusion mode, used the Logistic chaotic system to scramble the plaintext image without repeated index. The key sequence generated by the new multi-ring and multi-wing hyperchaotic system was combined with the plaintext information, and each pixel value of the once diffused image was diffused forward and backward to obtain the final encrypted image. The average fixed point ratio of scrambling image was approximately 0.003%, the histogram distribution of ciphertext was uniform, the correlation of adjacent pixels was almost zero, the information entropy was 7.999, and the values of NPCR, UACI and BACI were 99.61%, 33.46% and 26.7%, respectively. Compared with similar encryption algorithms, the encryption effect of this algorithm is better. The algorithm has strong key sensitivity, and can effectively resist the attacks of cutting and noise. The proposed image encryption algorithm has high security.