目的 针对导弹公路运输中的随机振动损伤防护,建立导弹-包装箱-缓冲衬垫耦合动力学模型,采用差分进化（Differential Evolution,DE）和粒子群优化算法（Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO）对缓冲参数进行优化设计,为导弹包装箱的缓冲防护提供理论依据和设计参考。方法 基于GJB 150.16A—2009,采用频域滤波法合成满足公路运输要求的随机振动加速度时程。建立考虑导弹重心偏移引起的三向弱耦合效应的三自由度（MDOF）及单自由度（SDOF）模型,选取发泡聚乙烯（EPE）、发泡聚苯乙烯（EPS）与蜂窝纸板3类缓冲材料,以3次多项式描述其力学特性,采用Newmark-β法进行时域积分求解,通过Monte Carlo仿真对结果进行统计分析,并分别采用DE和PSO这2种全局优化算法搜索最优刚度-阻尼组合,优化模型中引入静态承载约束,以确保工程的可行性。结果 3种缓冲材料的减振性能呈现“加速度-位移”折中特征。综合考虑重复使用性、洁净度与环境适应性等要求,选取EPE作为参数优化的基体材料,优化后峰值加速度降至1.14g（降幅约50.2%）,均方根加速度降至0.245g（降幅约43.8%）,最大位移降至7.81 mm。结论 在本文所考察的材料参数和激励条件下,硬化型3次非线性模型能有效描述泡沫材料密实化阶段的动力学行为,优化后的缓冲参数显著降低了加速度响应。
Abstract
In response to the protection against random vibration damage during road transportation of missiles, the work aims to establish a coupled dynamics model of the missile-packaging container-cushioning liner and adopt Differential Evolution (DE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to optimize the cushioning parameters, providing a theoretical basis and design reference for the cushioning protection of missile packaging containers. Based on the GJB 150.16A-2009 standard, the frequency-domain filtering method was used to synthesize random vibration acceleration time histories in line with road transportation requirements. Both a three-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) model and a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) model were established, taking into account the three-dimensional weak coupling effect caused by the offset of the missile’s center of gravity. Three types of cushioning materials, including expanded polyethylene (EPE), expanded polystyrene (EPS), and honeycomb cardboard were selected, and their mechanical behavior was described by cubic polynomials. The Newmark-β method was adopted for time-domain integration, and Monte Carlo simulation was used for statistical analysis of the results. Two global optimization algorithms, DE and PSO, were respectively applied to search for the optimal stiffness-damping combination, with a static load-bearing constraint introduced into the optimization model to ensure engineering feasibility. The vibration-damping performance of the three cushioning materials exhibited an acceleration-displacement trade-off. Taking comprehensive account of the requirements for reusability, cleanliness, and environmental adaptability, EPE was selected as the base material for parameter optimization. After optimization, the peak acceleration decreased to 1.14g (a reduction of approximately 50.2%), the root-mean-square (RMS) acceleration decreased to 0.245g (a reduction of approximately 43.8%), and the maximum displacement decreased to 7.81 mm. Under the material parameters and excitation conditions investigated in this work, the hardening-type cubic nonlinear model can effectively describe the dynamic behavior of foam materials during the densification stage. The optimized cushioning parameters significantly reduce the acceleration response.
关键词
导弹包装箱 /
随机振动 /
GJB 150.16A /
Newmark-beta法 /
缓冲优化 /
差分进化 /
粒子群优化
Key words
missile packaging container /
random vibration /
GJB 150.16A /
Newmark-beta method /
cushioning optimization /
differential evolution (DE) /
particle swarm optimization (PSO)
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