目的 为缓解塑料污染、推动包装行业绿色转型,破解一次性塑料难降解现状,系统梳理聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）在包装领域的研究进展、改性策略、加工瓶颈及产业化前景,为其规模化应用、技术创新及相关研究提供理论与实践指引。方法 系统梳理了国内外相关研究,重点围绕PHA分子结构分类、微生物合成工业化路径、成型加工技术、多维度性能调控策略及其生命周期末端（EOL）处理方式等五大关键环节逐层归纳与分析,重点分析共混、填充、多层复合、表面涂层等改性手段对材料力学、气体阻隔、光学及抗菌功能等的调控效果,总结生物降解、堆肥、回收、填埋四类末端处置路径的适用场景。结论 PHA在特定环境条件下可实现生物降解,在满足相应法规要求时可用于食品接触,是替代一次性塑料极具潜力的材料。PHA经共混、纳米填料复合、多层结构改性后,力学强度与气体阻隔性能大幅提升,现已在生鲜软包装领域实现小规模商业化落地。然而,现阶段PHA产业化仍存在三大核心短板,即热稳定性较差、原料及发酵生产成本偏高,以及降解速率可控性不足等问题,制约其规模化推广。未来,依托合成生物学菌株优化、低成本发酵工艺及加工装备升级,有望实现材料综合性能优化并降低成本,从而在海洋友好包装、生鲜长效保鲜包装及智能抗菌活性包装领域展现出广阔的应用产业化前景。
Abstract
The work aims to systematically summarize the research progress, modification strategies, processing bottlenecks, and industrialization prospects of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) in packaging, to provide theoretical and practical guidance for their large-scale application, technological innovation, and related research, so as to alleviate plastic pollution, promote the green transformation of the packaging industry, and address the non-biodegradability of single-use plastics. Relevant domestic and international research was systematically reviewed, with a focus on five key aspects: molecular structure classification of PHA, industrial microbial synthesis pathways, forming and processing technologies, multidimensional performance regulation strategies, and end-of-life (EOL) treatment approaches through a stepwise synthesis and analysis. Centered on modification methods including blending, filling, multilayer composites, and surface coating, their effects on mechanical, barrier, optical, and antibacterial properties were compared. Additionally, four disposal routes, including biodegradation, composting, recycling, and landfilling were compared in terms of their differences and applicable scenarios. PHA achieves conditional biodegradability under specific environmental conditions and is suitable for food-contact applications upon compliance with relevant regulations, making it a highly promising alternative to single-use plastics. PHA, after blending, nano-filler incorporation, and multi-layer structural modification, exhibits significantly enhanced mechanical strength and gas barrier properties, and has now achieved small-scale commercial adoption in fresh-food flexible packaging. However, PHA still faces challenges including poor thermal stability, relatively high production costs, and insufficient controllability of degradation rates, which limit its large-scale adoption. In the future, through strain optimization, low cost fermentation processes, and upgrading of processing equipment, its overall performance can be further improved and its costs can be further reduced, thereby presenting broad application prospects in ocean-friendly materials, fresh produce preservation packaging, and intelligent antibacterial packaging.
关键词
聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA） /
可持续包装 /
生物塑料 /
加工改性 /
性能提升
Key words
polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) /
sustainable packaging /
bioplastics /
processing modification /
performance enhancement
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