半导体气体传感器在智能包装中的研究进展

陆星宇; 李纪磊; 孙斌; 马晓军

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.19.001

PDF(2036 KB)

包装工程（技术栏目） ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (19) : 1-12. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.19.001

先进材料

半导体气体传感器在智能包装中的研究进展

陆星宇, 李纪磊, 孙斌, 马晓军^*

作者信息 +

Research Progress of Semiconductor Gas Sensors in Intelligent Packaging

LU Xingyu, LI Jilei, SUN Bin, MA Xiaojun^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

旨在梳理半导体气体传感器在智能包装中的材料体系、器件构型、性能调控策略和应用进展,为低功耗、柔性化与可规模化包装传感器的开发提供参考。以半导体气敏材料的组成与维度为分类依据,将相关研究归纳为金属氧化物、碳纳米管/导电聚合物、MXene、金属有机框架、黑磷和量子点6类,进一步按照表面吸附-反应、电荷转移和异质结势垒调制等换能机制进行比较,并从目标气体、工作温度、选择性、湿度耐受性、稳定性、功耗及包装集成方式等维度分析了代表性研究。近年来,相关器件已由单一材料响应逐步转向复合界面调控、柔性基底集成、低温/室温工作、阵列识别和无线读出。面向智能包装,未来应重点解决高湿低温环境下的选择性与长期稳定性、食品接触安全、批量制造一致性和终端读出标准化,并建立传感信号与真实货架期、微生物指标及感官品质之间的定量关联。

Abstract

The work aims to summarize material systems, device configurations, performance control strategies, and applications of semiconductor gas sensors in intelligent packaging, so as to to guide the development of low-power consumption, flexible and scalable sensors. Based on material composition/dimensions of semiconductor gas-sensitive materials, relevant research was classified into six types: metal oxides, CNT/conductive polymers, MXene, MOFs, black phosphorus, and quantum dots. Transduction mechanisms, including surface adsorption-reaction, charge transfer, heterojunction barrier modulation, were compared, and representative studies were analyzed by target gas, operating temperature, selectivity, humidity tolerance, stability, power consumption, and integration methods. Recent devices have shifted from single material responses to composite interfaces, flexible substrates, low/room temperature operation, array recognition, and wireless readout. Future priorities for intelligent packaging include improving selectivity and long term stability under high humidity/low temperature conditions ensuring food contact safety, batch manufacturing consistency, readout standardization, and establishing quantitative correlations between sensor signals and the actual shelf life, microbial indicators, and sensory quality.

导出引用

陆星宇, 李纪磊, 孙斌, 马晓军. 半导体气体传感器在智能包装中的研究进展[J]. 包装工程. 2026, 47(19): 1-12 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.19.001

LU Xingyu, LI Jilei, SUN Bin, MA Xiaojun. Research Progress of Semiconductor Gas Sensors in Intelligent Packaging[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(19): 1-12 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.19.001

中图分类号： TB485.9

参考文献

[1] 周云令, 魏娜, 郝晓秀, 等. 智能包装技术在食品供应链中的应用研究进展[J]. 食品科学, 2021, 42(7): 336-344.
ZHOU Y L, WEI N, HAO X X, et al.Progress in Application of Intelligent Packaging Technologies in Food Supply Chain[J]. Food Science, 2021, 42(7): 336-344.
[2] 黄应刚, 王桂英. 气体传感器在食品智能包装中的应用研究进展[J]. 包装工程, 2022, 43(15): 137-149.
HUANG Y G, WANG G Y.Research Progress of Gas Sensors in Smart Food Packaging[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2022, 43(15): 137-149.
[3] JAYAN H, ZHOU R Y, SUN C J, et al.Intelligent Gas Sensors for Food Safety and Quality Monitoring: Advances, Applications, and Future Directions[J]. Foods, 2025, 14(15): 2706.
[4] 韩林娜, 戴增辉, 顾孟清, 等. 基于天然色素的食品新鲜度指示包装研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技, 2023, 44(3): 432-441.
HAN L N, DAI Z H, GU M Q, et al.Research Progress of Food Freshness Indicator Packaging Based on Natural Pigment[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(3): 432-441.
[5] 吴伟. 全印制柔性应变传感器的原理与智能包装应用[J]. 包装工程, 2020, 41(11): 156-165.
WU W.Mechanisms and Application of Fully-printed Flexible Strain Sensors for Smart Packaging[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2020, 41(11): 156-165.
[6] CAI C C, MO J L, LU Y X, et al.Integration of a Porous Wood-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Gas Sensor for Real-Time Wireless Food-Quality Assessment[J]. Nano Energy, 2021, 83: 105833.
[7] 王艳娟, 王桂英, 王艺萌. 食品类智能包装技术研究进展[J]. 包装工程, 2018, 39(11): 6-12.
WANG Y J, WANG G Y, WANG Y M.Research Progress of Food Intelligent Packaging Technology[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2018, 39(11): 6-12.
[8] KANG Y F, ZHAO D D, CAI D H, et al.Novel Copper-Based Metal-Organic Skeleton Smart Tags That Respond to Ammonia for Real-Time Visual Freshness Monitoring of Shrimp[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 497: 153388.
[9] YAN H L, WANG J X, SHI N, et al.A Flexible and Wearable Chemiresistive Ethylene Gas Sensor Modified with PdNPs-SWCNTs@Cu-MOF-74 Nanocomposite: A Targeted Strategy for the Dynamic Monitoring of Fruit Freshness[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 488: 151142.
[10] ZHANG Z Y, CHENG B L, ZHANG Y. Room-Temperature Operable, Fully Recoverable Ethylene Gas Sensor via Pulsed Electric Field Modulation[J]. Advanced Science, 2025, 12(19): 2500389.
[11] MAIMAITI A, ZHU K, YAN B.Dual-Mode Bionic Visual-Olfactory Co-Sensory for On-Site Biogenic Amines Recognition and Food Freshness Prediction[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2025, 35(2): 2412817.
[12] CHENG J X, LIU C, LIU M M, et al.Interfacial Engineering in Rare-Earth Oxide/ZnO Heterojunctions for High-Performance Trimethylamine Sensing and Fish Freshness Monitoring[J]. Advanced Science, 2026, 13(19): 2522490.
[13] LIN J C, KILANI M, MAO G Z.Recent Advances in Integrating 1D Nanomaterials into Chemiresistive Gas Sensor Devices[J]. Advanced Materials Technologies, 2023, 8(12): 2202038.
[14] LI J Y, SI W Z, SHI L, et al.Essential Role of Lattice Oxygen in Hydrogen Sensing Reaction[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 2998.
[15] KONG J, FRANKLIN N R, ZHOU C W, et al.Nanotube Molecular Wires as Chemical Sensors[J]. Science, 2000, 287(5453): 622-625.
[16] FANG H R, LI S, JIANG W J, et al.Ppb-Level H₂S Gas Sensor Based on CuNi-MOFs Derivatives for Meat Freshness Detection at Low Temperature Environment[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2022, 368: 132225.
[17] JEONG S Y, MOON Y K, KIM T H, et al.A New Strategy for Detecting Plant Hormone Ethylene Using Oxide Semiconductor Chemiresistors: Exceptional Gas Selectivity and Response Tailored by Nanoscale Cr₂O₃ Catalytic Overlayer[J]. Advanced Science, 2020, 7(7): 1903093.
[18] DONG H P, LI X W, LIU Y, et al.Ultra-Flexible, Breathable, and Robust PAN/MWCNTs/PANI Nanofiber Networks for High-Performance Wearable Gas Sensor Application[J]. ACS Sensors, 2024, 9(6): 3085-3095.
[19] ZHU P H, WEI Y, KUANG Y D, et al.Porous and Conductive Cellulose Nanofiber/Carbon Nanotube Foam as a Humidity Sensor with High Sensitivity[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2022, 292: 119684.
[20] KIM S J, KOH H J, REN C E, et al.Metallic Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Gas Sensors with Ultrahigh Signal-to-Noise Ratio[J]. ACS Nano, 2018, 12(2): 986-993.
[21] LEE E, VAHIDMOHAMMADI A, PROROK B C, et al.Room Temperature Gas Sensing of Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide (MXene)[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(42): 37184-37190.
[22] MAJHI S M, ALI A, GREISH Y E, et al.Accordion-like-Ti₃C₂ MXene-Based Gas Sensors with Sub-ppm Level Detection of Acetone at Room Temperature[J]. ACS Applied Electronic Materials, 2022, 4(7): 5217-5226.
[23] SONG Y P, MA S Q.Pore Engineering in Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks: Strategies and Applications[J]. Chemical Science, 2025, 16(26): 11740-11767.
[24] SHEBERLA D, BACHMAN J C, ELIAS J S, et al.Conductive MOF Electrodes for Stable Supercapacitors with High Areal Capacitance[J]. Nature Materials, 2017, 16(3): 220-224.
[25] CHO S Y, LEE Y H, KOH H J, et al.Superior Chemical Sensing Performance of Black Phosphorus: Comparison with MoS2 and Graphene[J]. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(32): 7020-7028.
[26] CHEN T D, CHENG Z Q, TIAN Q, et al.Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Sensor Based on Liquid-Phase-Exfoliated Black Phosphorus Nanosheets[J]. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2020, 3(6): 5951-5958.
[27] HAN D, HAN X M, ZHANG X Q, et al.Highly Sensitive and Rapidly Responding Room-Temperature NH3 Gas Sensor Based on Exfoliated Black Phosphorus[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2022, 367: 132038.
[28] YU Z Y, ZHANG L, WANG X Y, et al.Fabrication of ZnO/Carbon Quantum Dots Composite Sensor for Detecting NO Gas[J]. Sensors, 2020, 20(17): 4961.
[29] ZOU Y C, SHI Y Q, WANG T X, et al.Quantum Dots as Advanced Nanomaterials for Food Quality and Safety Applications: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspectives[J]. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2024, 23(3): e13339.
[30] WANG C, YU H Y, MIAO Z Y, et al.Interface Growth of PANI-ZnO Nanohybrids on a Self-Formed Grapefruit Peel Aerogel to Construct a Quick Self-Restored Gas Sensor[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2022, 10(20): 6573-6583.
[31] STROPPA D G, MONTORO L A, BELTRÁN A, et al. Unveiling the Chemical and Morphological Features of Sb-SnO₂ Nanocrystals by the Combined Use of High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and ab Initio Surface Energy Calculations[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2009, 131(40): 14544-14548.
[32] CHANG Y S, CHEN F K, TSAI D C, et al.N-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide for Room-Temperature NO Gas Sensors[J]. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11: 20719.
[33] HE T T, LIU W, LV T, et al.MXene/SnO₂ Heterojunction Based Chemical Gas Sensors[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2021, 329: 129275.
[34] ZHANG X, LIU Y D, LIU H, et al.FeSe₂/Hematite n-n Heterojunction with Oxygen Spillover for Highly Efficient NO₂ Gas Sensing[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2021, 345: 130357.
[35] ZONG S F, QIN C, BALA H, et al.Iso-Elemental SnO/SnO₂ Heterojunction Composites for Enhanced Formaldehyde Gas Sensing[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2025, 327: 130167.
[36] PENZA M, CASSANO G, ROSSI R, et al.Enhancement of Sensitivity in Gas Chemiresistors Based on Carbon Nanotube Surface Functionalized with Noble Metal (Au, Pt) Nanoclusters[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2007, 90(17): 173123.
[37] YUAN S L, ZENG S C, HU Y, et al.Epitaxial Metal-Organic Framework-Mediated Electron Relay for H₂ Detection on Demand[J]. ACS Nano, 2024, 18(30): 19723-19731.
[38] ZHAO M Q, NITTA R, IZAWA S, et al.Nano-Patterned CuO Nanowire Nanogap Hydrogen Gas Sensor with Voids[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2025, 35(12): 2415971.
[39] CHANG W L, SUN I M, TSAI J A, et al.Rapid Quality Test for Drinking Water by Vertical-Channel Organic Semiconductor Gas Sensor[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2022, 1205: 339729.
[40] WANG L Y, WANG B, SONG J.A Carboxylated Cellulose Aerogel for the Rapid Detection of Aniline Vapor[J]. RSC Advances, 2022, 12(36): 23169-23175.
[41] SU Y J, CHEN G R, CHEN C X, et al.Self-Powered Respiration Monitoring Enabled by a Triboelectric Nanogenerator[J]. Advanced Materials, 2021, 33(35): 2101262.
[42] LI S Y, TANG W, CHEN S J, et al.Flexible Organic Polymer Gas Sensor and System Integration for Smart Packaging[J]. Advanced Sensor Research, 2023, 2(11): 2300030.
[43] AMERI M, AJJI A, KESSLER S.Enhancing Seafood Freshness Monitoring: Integrating Color Change of a Food-Safe On-Package Colorimetric Sensor with Mathematical Models, Microbiological, and Chemical Analyses[J]. Current Research in Food Science, 2024, 9: 100934.
[44] AHMAD I, LEE D, CHAE M, et al.Advanced Recovery and Enhanced Humidity Tolerance of CNTs Gas Sensor Using a Filament Heater[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 496: 154014.
[45] WANG D, ZHANG M, ZHU Q, et al.Intelligent Vegetable Freshness Monitoring System Developed by Integrating Eco-Friendly Fluorescent Sensor Arrays with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 488: 150739.
[46] CHEN Y, HU J, HU N, et al.Machine Learning-Assisted Pd-Au/MXene Sensor Array for Smart Gas Identification[J]. Small Structures, 2025, 6(7): 2400619.
[47] XIA X, QIN C, ZHANG E, et al.MXene/Peptide Biomimetic Olfactory Sensor Array with Machine Learning for Gas Sensing[J]. Nano Materials Science, 2025.
[48] ZHAO X, ZHANG H, XIANG H, et al.A Natural pH Indicator with High Colorimetric Response Sensitivity for Pork Freshness Monitoring[J]. Food Bioscience, 2024, 57: 103519.
[49] MEI H X, PENG J Y, WANG T, et al.Overcoming the Limits of Cross-Sensitivity: Pattern Recognition Methods for Chemiresistive Gas Sensor Array[J]. Nano-Micro Letters, 2024, 16: 269.
[50] OZAKI T, OHTA N, FUJIYOSHI M.Self-Rerouting Sensor Network for Electronic Skin Resilient to Severe Damage[J]. Nature Communications, 2025, 16(1): 1196.
[51] GASSO S, MAHAJAN A.Self-Powered Wearable Gas Sensors Based on l-Ascorbate-Treated MXene Nanosheets and SnO₂ Nanofibers[J]. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2023, 6(8): 6678-6692.
[52] DAS N K, VEERALINGAM S, BADHULIKA S.Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticle-Based Wearable Piezoelectric Nanogenerators as Self-Powered Sensors to Monitor Human Motion[J]. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2023, 6(14): 13431-13442.
[53] CHO C, LEE C, OH J H.Wearable Self-Powered Pressure-Sensing Device Based on a Combination of Carbon Nanotubes/Porous Poly(dimethylsiloxane) and Poly (ethylene oxide)[J]. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2024, 7(5): 5040-5050.
[54] ZHENG M, CHEN L, RUAN L, et al.Wearable Flexible Triboelectric Sensor Array for a Self-Powered Infant Care System[J]. ACS Omega, 2025, 10(49): 60723-60732.
[55] ZHANG H, ZHANG D, YANG Y, et al.Eco-Friendly Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self-Powering Stacked In₂O₃ Nanosheets/PPy Nanoparticles-Based NO₂ Gas Sensor[J]. Nano Energy, 2024, 128: 109978.
[56] LIU T, CUI J, ZHENG Y, et al.A Self-Powered Inert-Gas Sensor Based on Gas Ionization Driven by a Triboelectric Nanogenerator[J]. Nano Energy, 2023, 106: 108083.