目的 单一材质化是食品包装可持续发展的重要方向,本文对比研究单一材质PE膜与其它多种塑料复合膜（PP/PE膜、PA/PE膜、镀铝膜）在气体阻隔、水蒸气阻隔性能及力学性能方面的差异。方法 采用压差法、杯式法分别测定塑料复合膜的透氧量和透湿量,分析其正反面性能差异并通过拉伸试验分析其力学性能和各向异性特征。结果 双层PE膜阻氧性最弱,透氧量1 764~1 933 cm3/(m2·24 h·0.1 MPa)、透湿性能中等,力学性能各向异性显著（纵向强度为75.91 MPa、横向强度为40.68 MPa）。PP/PE膜阻隔性能居中,透氧量约900 cm3/(m2·24 h·0.1 MPa),力学性能呈反向各向异性（横向强度高于纵向）。PA/PE膜阻氧良好,29~52 cm3/(m2·24 h·0.1 MPa)但透湿较差,力学性能最均衡。镀铝膜阻氧最优,约1 cm3/(m2·24 h·0.1 MPa)）,但透湿方向敏感,正反面分别为1.08、4.29 g/(m2·24 h)且纵向拉伸存在分层断裂风险（10个平行样中6个出现分层,发生率60%）。结论 双层PE膜虽阻氧不足,但结构单一,在现有聚烯烃回收体系中具有较好的可回收潜力,适用于对氧气不敏感或短保质期食品;PP/PE膜具有一定的可回收性与中等阻隔性能,适用于中等阻氧需求场景;PA/PE及镀铝膜则适用于高阻氧需求场景。本研究系统对比了可回收膜与传统高阻隔膜之间的性能差异,为可持续食品包装选材提供了实验依据。
Abstract
Single-material packaging is an important direction for the sustainable development of food packaging. The work aims to comparatively investigate the differences in gas barrier properties, water vapor barrier properties, and mechanical properties between a single-material polyethylene (PE) film and several other plastic composite films (PP/PE, PA/PE, and aluminized films). The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) were measured using the differential pressure method and the cup method, respectively, and the differences between the front and back sides were analyzed. Tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties and anisotropy. The double-layer PE film exhibited the weakest oxygen barrier property (OTR approx. 1 764-1 933 cm3/(m2·24 h·0.1 MPa)), moderate water vapor barrier, and significant mechanical anisotropy (tensile strength 75.91 MPa in MD and 40.68 MPa in TD). The PP/PE film showed moderate barrier properties (OTR approx. 900 cm3/(m2·24 h·0.1 MPa)) and reverse anisotropy (higher TD strength). The PA/PE film had a good oxygen barrier property (approx. 29-52 cm3/(m2·24 h·0.1 MPa)) but a poor water vapor barrier property, and exhibited the most balanced mechanical properties. The aluminized film showed the best oxygen barrier property (approx. 1 cm3/(m2·24 h·0.1 MPa)), but its water vapor barrier property was directionally sensitive (front 1.08, back 4.29 g/(m2·24 h)), and it presented a risk of delamination during machine-direction tensile testing (6 out of 10 specimens, 60% occurrence). Although the double-layer PE film has insufficient oxygen barrier properties, it has good recyclability potential within existing polyolefin recycling streams and is suitable for oxygen-insensitive or short-shelf-life foods. The PP/PE film combines moderate recyclability with moderate barrier properties and is suitable for scenarios requiring medium oxygen barrier properties. The PA/PE and aluminized films are suitable for high oxygen barrier requirements. This study systematically compares the performance differences between recyclable films and conventional high-barrier films, providing an experimental basis for material selection in sustainable food packaging.
关键词
塑料复合膜 /
阻隔性能 /
力学性能 /
透氧量 /
透湿量
Key words
plastic composite film /
barrier properties /
mechanical properties /
oxygen transmission rate /
water vapor transmission rate
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