目的 针对现有缓冲材料振动传递特性测试装置在功能、操作及预紧力控制方面存在的不足,设计并研制一套多功能振动传递特性测试固定装置,以完善缓冲材料动力学评价体系并指导实际缓冲包装设计。方法 基于对现有装置问题的分析,设计了一套由台式支座、哑铃式质量系统和精准调压的压紧装置组成的多功能测试装置。该装置解决了试样和质量块在振动过程中的偏移问题,兼顾了质量块的便捷调整与低重心设计,实现了对双层衬垫上层材料压紧应力的定量、准确控制。利用该装置对不同密度和静载荷下的发泡聚乙烯（EPE）缓冲材料进行了正弦扫频振动实验,获取了振动传递率-频率曲线并对装置的可靠性及应用特性进行了验证。结果 该装置测得的数据稳定可靠。验证了共振频率随静载荷增加而降低、随材料密度增加而升高的规律;揭示了双层衬垫测试中,随着顶部压紧力的增加,共振频率和最大振动传递率均增大的现象;明确了在相同静载荷下,双层衬垫的共振频率和最大振动传递率均高于单层衬垫。结论 该装置结构刚性良好、运行稳定可靠,能够同时满足单层衬垫与双层衬垫的测试需求,实验结果证实了该装置作为缓冲材料振动传递特性研究平台的有效性,对指导运输包装结构设计具有重要的工程实用价值。
Abstract
The work aims to design and develop a multifunctional vibration transmissibility test fixture to address the limitations of existing test fixtures for vibration transmissibility characteristics of cushioning materials, specifically regarding functionality, operability, and preload control, so as to improve the dynamic evaluation system for cushioning materials and guide practical cushioning packaging design. Based on an analysis of existing device deficiencies, a multifunctional test apparatus comprising a table-style support, a dumbbell-style mass system, and a precision pressure-adjustable clamping device was designed. This device resolved the misalignment issues of samples and mass block during vibration, balanced the need for easy mass adjustment with a low center of gravity, and enabled quantitative and accurate control of compressive stress on the upper layer of double-layer cushions. Sine sweep vibration tests were conducted on expanded polyethylene (EPE) cushioning materials under varying densities and static loads using this device to obtain transmissibility-frequency curves, thereby verifying the device's reliability and application characteristics. The data obtained using this device were proved stable and reliable. The study validated the rule that resonant frequency decreased with increasing static load and increased with material density. It revealed that in double-layer cushion tests, both resonant frequency and maximum vibration transmissibility increased with higher top clamping force. Furthermore, it was clarified that under identical static loads, the resonant frequency and maximum vibration transmissibility of double-layer cushions were higher than those of single-layer cushions. In conclusion, the device exhibits good structural rigidity and stable, reliable operation, capable of simultaneously meeting the testing requirements for both single-layer and double-layer cushions. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of this device as a research platform for vibration transmissibility characteristics of cushioning materials, holding significant engineering practical value for guiding transport packaging structural design.
关键词
振动传递特性 /
固定装置设计 /
质量系统 /
缓冲材料 /
共振频率 /
包装动力学
Key words
vibration transmissibility /
fixture design /
mass system /
cushioning material /
resonance frequency /
packaging dynamics
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基金
2024年山东省本科教学改革研究项目（M2024078）; 2024年度青岛科技大学教学改革研究重点项目（2024ZD009）
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