目的 构建融合防护性能实测与场景化生命周期评估（LCA）的综合评价框架,为电商快递缓冲包装中生物质基材料替代发泡聚苯乙烯（EPS）提供选型依据。方法 以纸浆模塑（PM）、淀粉基发泡（SF）和竹纤维复合（BC）为研究对象,EPS为基准,实测防护性能,并以95%置信水平单侧上界作为合格判定准则;以“保护1件标准3C商品（1 kg,脆值Gf=60）完成一次800 km电商快递流通”为功能单位,引入性能修正系数αi建立LCA,构建AHP-TOPSIS两层选型模型。结果 SF碳足迹最低（0.38 kg CO2-eq/件次,较EPS降低44%）,综合环境影响指数（EII=0.13）最优,全域TOPSIS显示EPS在精密仪器和冷链场景中综合排名第一,替代选型TOPSIS中SF在三场景中均为最优替代材料,PM均居第二,BC均居第三。结论 SF是EPS替代综合效益最显著的材料,EPS替代驱动力源于政策约束而非技术性能劣势。
Abstract
The work aims to establish an integrated evaluation framework combining protective performance testing and scenario-based life cycle assessment (LCA) for bio-based cushioning packaging materials as alternatives to expanded polystyrene (EPS) in e-commerce logistics. Pulp molding (PM), starch-based foam (SF), and bamboo fiber composite (BC) were benchmarked against EPS to test the protective performance, with the 95% upper confidence bound of Gm as the statistical pass criterion. A functional unit of "protecting one standard 3C product (1 kg, fragility Gf=60) through one 800 km e-commerce logistics event" was defined, and the performance correction factor αi was introduced to establish LCA And construct an AHP-weighted two-tier TOPSIS model. SF achieved the lowest carbon footprint (0.38 kg CO2-eq/event, 44% below EPS) and the best comprehensive environmental index (EII=0.13). Full-set TOPSIS ranked EPS first in precision instruments and cold chain scenarios. In TOPSIS alternative selection, SF was the optimal substitute in all three scenarios, followed by PM; BC ranked last. In conclusion, SF is the most beneficial EPS substitute. The driving force for replacement lies in policy constraints rather than performance inferiority.
关键词
生物质基缓冲材料 /
生命周期评估 /
动态缓冲性能 /
电商快递 /
TOPSIS选型决策
Key words
bio-based cushioning packaging materials /
life cycle assessment (LCA) /
dynamic cushioning performance /
e-commerce logistics /
technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS)
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基金
国家社会科学基金项目（24FGLB047）; 北京市社会科学基金项目（25BJ03282）; 北京经济管理职业学院科技英才支持计划（25KJYCLH01）; 北京经济管理职业学院科技创新团队建设项目（24KJTD01）
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