目的 乏燃料运输容器密封性能直接关乎核设施运行与环境安全,氦质谱检漏凭借高灵敏度被广泛用于容器密封性检测,但氦气扩散、密封材料渗透产生的氦干扰,易造成泄漏率误判。为精准测定容器密封圈真实漏率,亟须探明氦干扰产生机理并优化检漏工艺。方法 以NAC-STC型乏燃料运输容器为研究对象,采用现场对比试验结合理论计算的方式,分别对比氦气、空气两种前置排水工艺的检漏数据,测试硅橡胶、氟橡胶两类密封材料及不同密封圈尺寸的氦渗透规律,从外部环境、内部密封材料两方面系统剖析氦干扰影响机理。结果 在作业空间密闭通风差时,使用氦气排水易造成现场环境氦残留污染,致使漏率检测值偏高,多数试件无法满足高燃耗乏燃料运输容器泄漏限值要求。硅橡胶氦渗透速率远高于氟橡胶,同等漏率阈值下硅橡胶仅需5 min、氟橡胶需约40 min。密封圈直径越大,氦渗透达到容器密封检验标准水平1.0×10-8 Pa·m3/s漏率所需时间越长,4 mm密封圈需约13 min,10 mm密封圈需约83 min。结论 本研究提出乏燃料运输容器氦检漏工艺优化方案,研究成果可为核级乏燃料运输容器密封检漏提供工程参考。
Abstract
The sealing performance of spent fuel transport casks is directly related to the operation safety of nuclear facilities and environmental protection. Helium mass spectrometer leak detection is widely applied for container tightness inspection due to its high sensitivity. However, helium's strong diffusivity and gas permeation through sealing materials easily trigger helium interference and false leakage rate results. It is urgent to clarify the formation mechanism of helium interference and optimize the detection process to accurately measure the real leakage rate of sealing rings. With NAC-STC spent fuel transport cask as the research object, field comparative tests and theoretical calculations were performed. Leakage data under two pre-drainage processes (helium drainage and air drainage) were compared, and helium permeation behaviors of silicone rubber, fluororubber and sealing rings with various dimensions were tested. The interference mechanism was systematically analyzed from external ambient factors and internal sealing material properties. In confined and poorly ventilated workplaces, helium drainage caused residual helium contamination on site and led to excessively high measured leakage rates, and most test pieces failed to meet the leakage limit for high-burnup spent fuel casks. The helium permeation speed of silicone rubber was far higher than that of fluororubber: silicone rubber reached the specified leakage threshold in only 5 min versus roughly 40 min for fluororubber. Larger sealing ring diameter extended the time required for permeation to hit the standard leakage rate of 1.0×10-8 Pa·m3/s, which took approximately 13 min for a 4 mm-diameter ring and 83 min for a 10 mm-diameter ring. An optimized helium leak detection scheme for spent fuel transport casks is proposed in this work. The research results can provide engineering references for sealing detection of nuclear-grade spent fuel transport casks.
关键词
乏燃料运输容器 /
氦质谱检漏 /
氦干扰 /
渗透效应
Key words
spent fuel transport cask /
helium mass spectrometer leak detection /
helium interference /
permeation effect
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