目的 针对航炮弹发射过程中底火壳易发生塑性累积损伤并导致击穿失效的问题,揭示其在击针撞击、击针簧力与内弹道压力耦合作用下的弹塑性变形特性。方法 基于内弹道理论,利用MATLAB软件计算膛压-时间曲线。结合击针撞击底火的运动过程,以压力曲线为动态载荷边界、击针簧力为初始条件,构建底火壳弹塑性变形有限元模型。通过网格无关性分析与试验数据校验模型精度,进而设计单因素及正交试验,系统分析击针速度、头部直径、偏移量及底火壳厚度对壳体变形的影响。结果 有限元仿真模型的计算最大误差小于8%。采用单因素变量法进行控制,底火壳凹坑深度表现出先增大、后减小、再趋于稳定的非线性变化规律。极差分析表明影响主次为击针速度>头部直径>底火壳厚度>偏移量。结论 击针撞击动能是塑性损伤累积的主导因素,击针速度应作为设计首要约束指标。头部直径与壳体厚度需合理匹配,偏移量影响相对有限。本研究为底火结构优化及关键部件设计改进提供了理论依据与数据支撑。
Abstract
The work aims to address the problem of plastic cumulative damage to the primer cup and the resulting puncture failure during aircraft gun firing, and investigate the elastic-plastic deformation characteristics of the primer cup under the coupled action of firing pin impact, firing pin spring force, and interior ballistic pressure. Based on interior ballistic theory, the chamber pressure-time curve was calculated using MATLAB. By integrating the motion of the firing pin striking the primer, a finite element model of the elastic-plastic deformation of the primer cup was established, with the pressure curve serving as the dynamic load boundary and the firing pin spring force as the initial condition. The model accuracy was verified through mesh independence analysis and experimental data. Subsequently, single-factor and orthogonal tests were designed to systematically analyze the effect of firing pin velocity, tip diameter, offset, and primer cup thickness on cup deformation. The maximum computational error of the finite element model was less than 8%. Under single-factor variable control, the indentation depth of the primer cup exhibited a nonlinear pattern of initially increasing, then decreasing, and finally tending to stabilize. Range analysis showed that the order of influence was: firing pin velocity>tip diameter>primer cup thickness> ffset. In conclusion, the impact kinetic energy of the firing pin is the dominant factor in plastic damage accumulation, and firing pin velocity should be taken as the primary design constraint. The tip diameter and cup thickness need to be properly matched, while the effect of offset is relatively limited. This study provides a theoretical basis and data support for primer structure optimization and the design improvement of key components.
关键词
动态载荷 /
内弹道 /
底火壳 /
变形特性 /
数值分析
Key words
dynamic load /
interior ballistics /
primer cup /
deformation characteristics /
numerical analysis
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