目的 针对叶菜类蔬菜在冷链运输过程中易失水萎蔫、黄化衰老及营养品质劣变等问题,设计并研制一种被动气调冷藏集装箱,评价其对上海青冷藏品质的保持效果,为叶菜类蔬菜冷链保鲜装备的研发与应用提供参考。方法 以一体式移动冷库为载体,在箱体侧壁集成气调窗及选择性透过膜,构建被动气调冷藏集装箱试验样机。以上海青为试验对象,将普通冷藏柜作为对照组,被动气调冷藏集装箱为处理组,在1 ℃条件下贮藏24 d,定期测定样品修正累计失重率、叶绿素含量、维生素C含量和感官品质并测试气调窗导热系数。结果 随着贮藏时间的延长,两组上海青修正累计失重率均逐渐升高,叶绿素和维生素C含量整体下降。与普通冷藏柜相比,被动气调冷藏集装箱可减缓上海青水分散失并延缓叶绿素和维生素C含量下降。贮藏24 d时,处理组修正累计失重率为37.28%,低于对照组的46.95%;叶绿素含量为53.98SPAD,较对照组的32.06SPAD提高约68.4%;维生素C含量为33.70 mg/100 g,较对照组的19.18 mg/100 g提高约75.7%。感官评价结果表明,处理组在贮藏24 d后仍保持一定商品接受度,而对照组已基本失去商品性。气调窗样品导热系数均低于0.11 W/（m·K）,额外传热约占箱体总负荷的4%~5%。结论 被动气调冷藏集装箱有助于减缓上海青水分散失、延缓黄化和营养品质下降。同时具有较好的隔热性能,对整体热负荷影响较小,在叶菜类蔬菜冷链保鲜中具有一定应用价值。由于本研究未连续监测箱内O2、CO2和相对湿度变化,其气调作用机制仍需进一步验证。
Abstract
The work aims to design and develop a passive modified-atmosphere refrigerated container to evaluate its effect on maintaining the storage quality of pakchoi, so as to address the problems of water loss, wilting, yellowing, senescence, and nutritional quality deterioration of leafy vegetables during cold-chain transportation, and to provide a reference for the development and application of cold-chain preservation equipment for leafy vegetables. A prototype passive modified-atmosphere refrigerated container was constructed by integrating modified-atmosphere windows and selective gas-permeable membranes into the sidewalls of an integrated mobile cold storage unit. With pakchoi as the experimental material, a conventional refrigerated cabinet was used as the control group, and the passive modified-atmosphere refrigerated container was used as the treatment group. The samples were stored at 1 ℃ for 24 days. The corrected cumulative weight loss rate, chlorophyll content, vitamin C content, and sensory quality were measured periodically, and the thermal conductivity of the modified-atmosphere window was tested. With prolonged storage time, the corrected cumulative weight loss rate of pakchoi increased in both groups, whereas chlorophyll and vitamin C contents generally decreased. Compared with the conventional refrigerated cabinet, the passive modified-atmosphere refrigerated container slowed water loss and delayed the decrease in chlorophyll and vitamin C contents. After 24 days of storage, the corrected cumulative weight loss rate of the treatment group was 37.28%, lower than 46.95% of the control group. The chlorophyll content was 53.98 SPAD, approximately 68.4% higher than 32.06 SPAD in the control group. The vitamin C content was 33.70 mg/100 g, approximately 75.7% higher than 19.18 mg/100 g in the control group. Sensory evaluation showed that the treatment group still retained a certain degree of commercial acceptability after 24 days of storage, whereas the control group had largely lost marketability. The thermal conductivity of the modified-atmosphere window samples was below 0.11 W/(m·K), and the additional heat transfer accounted for approximately 4%-5% of the total heat load of the container. In conclusion, the passive modified-atmosphere refrigerated container helps reduce water loss, delay yellowing, and maintain the nutritional quality of pakchoi. It also showed good thermal insulation performance and had only a limited influence on the overall heat load, indicating potential application value in the cold-chain preservation of leafy vegetables. Since the dynamic changes in O2, CO2, and relative humidity inside the container are not continuously monitored in this study, the modified-atmosphere mechanism requires further verification.
关键词
被动气调 /
冷藏集装箱 /
选择性透过膜 /
上海青 /
冷链保鲜品质
Key words
passive modified atmosphere /
refrigerated container /
selective gas-permeable membrane /
pakchoi /
cold-chain preservation quality
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基金
上海复命新材料科技有限公司委托课题（H20250518）
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