海上溢油治理吸油材料的研究进展

刘蒙蒙; 徐汝义; 宋佃凤; 赵恩靓

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.15.007

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包装工程（技术栏目） ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (15) : 74-80. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.15.007

先进材料

海上溢油治理吸油材料的研究进展

刘蒙蒙, 徐汝义, 宋佃凤, 赵恩靓^*

作者信息 +

Research Progress on Oil Absorbing Materials for Offshore Oil Spill Control

LIU Mengmeng, XU Ruyi, SONG Dianfeng, ZHAO Enliang^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的随着全球石油工业与航运业的快速发展,海上溢油事故频发,对海洋生态系统及人类健康构成严重威胁。为应对这一挑战,本文系统梳理了吸油材料的研究进展,以期为相关研究与应用提供参考。方法首先,阐述了吸油材料的作用机理并依据材料来源对其进行了分类;其次,围绕生物质基、合成聚合物基及复合吸油材料三大类,系统归纳了其疏水改性策略与吸油性能优化路径;最后,结合当前研究热点与技术瓶颈,对吸油材料的未来发展方向进行了展望。结论生物质材料需疏水改性以提升选择性,合成聚合物材料可通过结构设计增强吸油容量与重复使用性,复合材料则通过多元复合实现性能协同优化。然而,当前吸油性能虽显著提升,却仍面临成本高、规模化难及二次污染风险。为此,未来应聚焦绿色改性技术与仿生多级孔结构开发并拓展极端环境与新兴领域应用,结合智能监测技术,推动高效精准治理的实现。

Abstract

With the rapid development of the global petroleum and shipping industries, marine oil spill accidents occur frequently, posing a severe threat to marine ecosystems and human health. The work aims to systematically review the research progress of oil-absorbing materials, so as to address this challenge and provide a reference for relevant research and applications. Firstly, the absorption mechanism of oil absorbing materials was elaborated, and the materials were classified according to their sources. Secondly, focusing on three core categories including biomass-based, synthetic polymer-based, and composite oil absorbing materials, their hydrophobic modification strategies and optimization pathways for oil absorption performance were systematically summarized. Finally, combined with current research hotspots and technical bottlenecks, the future development directions of oil-absorbing materials were prospected. It is found that biomass-based materials require hydrophobic modification to enhance selectivity, synthetic polymer materials can improve oil absorption capacity and reusability through structural design, and composite materials achieve synergistic performance optimization via multi-component compounding. However, despite the significant improvement in current oil absorption performance, they still face challenges such as high cost, difficulty in large-scale production, and the risk of secondary pollution. Therefore, future research should focus on the development of green modification technologies and biomimetic hierarchical porous structures, expand applications in extreme environments and emerging fields, and integrate intelligent monitoring technologies to promote the realization of efficient and precise pollution control.

导出引用

刘蒙蒙, 徐汝义, 宋佃凤, 赵恩靓. 海上溢油治理吸油材料的研究进展[J]. 包装工程. 2026, 47(15): 74-80 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.15.007

LIU Mengmeng, XU Ruyi, SONG Dianfeng, ZHAO Enliang. Research Progress on Oil Absorbing Materials for Offshore Oil Spill Control[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(15): 74-80 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.15.007

中图分类号： TB33 TB34

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