纳米硒抗菌特性及其在包装领域的安全应用研究

陈绍源

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.15.006

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包装工程（技术栏目） ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (15) : 61-73. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.15.006

先进材料

纳米硒抗菌特性及其在包装领域的安全应用研究

陈绍源^*

作者信息 +

Antimicrobial Properties of Selenium Nanoparticles and Their Safe Application in Packaging

CHEN Shaoyuan^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的明确纳米硒（SeNPs）的抗菌特性、在食品包装中的应用形式及安全性能,为该材料在活性包装领域的设计与安全应用提供系统的理论依据。方法系统梳理近年国内外关于纳米硒抗菌与抗氧化性能的相关文献,分析纳米硒的抗菌谱、抗菌机制（诱导ROS、破坏细胞膜、抑制生物膜等）、抗氧化性能,总结其在合成高分子复合膜、生物高分子复合膜及可食性涂层中的应用进展并讨论其安全性与迁移行为。结论纳米硒对多种食源性病原体呈现广谱、高效的抑制作用,其抗菌活性受浓度、粒径及表面修饰的显著影响。通过复合膜或涂层形式可有效延长食品货架期且抗菌-抗氧化协同效应突出。在特定包装体系（如PET/LDPE复合膜）与储存条件下,纳米硒的迁移量低于可检出水平,显示出良好的生物安全性潜力。因此,纳米硒在食品包装领域具有明确的应用潜力,但在规模化绿色制备、功能精准调控和长期安全性评估方面仍需深入研究。

Abstract

The work aims to clarify the antimicrobial properties, application forms in food packaging, and safety performance of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), so as to provide a systematic theoretical basis for the design and safe application of SeNPs in active packaging. Relevant domestic and foreign literature on the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of SeNPs in recent years were systematically reviewed. The antimicrobial spectrum, antimicrobial mechanisms (inducing reactive oxygen species, destroying cell membranes, inhibiting biofilms, etc.), and antioxidant properties of SeNPs were analyzed. The application progress of SeNPs in synthetic polymer composite films, biopolymer composite films, and edible coatings was summarized, and their safety and migration behavior were discussed. SeNPs exhibit broad-spectrum and high-efficiency inhibition against a variety of foodborne pathogens, and their antimicrobial activity is significantly affected by concentration, particle size, and surface modification. Composite films or coatings incorporated with SeNPs can effectively extend the shelf life of food, with outstanding synergistic effects of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Under specific packaging systems (such as PET/LDPE composite films) and storage conditions, the migration level of SeNPs is below the detectable limit, indicating good potential for biological safety. Therefore, SeNPs demonstrate clear application potential in food packaging. However, further in-depth research is still needed in large-scale green preparation, precise functional regulation, and long-term safety evaluation.

导出引用

陈绍源. 纳米硒抗菌特性及其在包装领域的安全应用研究[J]. 包装工程. 2026, 47(15): 61-73 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.15.006

CHEN Shaoyuan. Antimicrobial Properties of Selenium Nanoparticles and Their Safe Application in Packaging[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(15): 61-73 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.15.006

中图分类号： TB484 TS206.4 TB332

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