目的 揭示滨海核电厂乏燃料干储容器表面沉积物的离子组成特征与潮解规律,识别腐蚀防控的关键工况,为沉积物潮解状态监测系统的设计及腐蚀控制措施的制定提供理论依据。方法 以国内某滨海核电厂乏燃料干储模块（HSM）容器表面沉积物为对象,系统开展成分分析与潮解性能测试。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICAP）和高效离子交换色谱（HPIC）等手段分析可溶性离子组成,设计专用聚四氟乙烯-铜电极样品架,在5~70 ℃、30%~95%相对湿度下测试电阻的变化规律。结果 沉积物主要阴离子为NO3-、SO42–,阳离子为Na+、K+、Ca2+,与海盐离子组成差异显著。沉积物在各温度下的电阻对数与相对湿度呈良好线性关系,相对不易潮解,其潮解最低相对湿度受温度影响显著。沉积物潮解最低相对湿度总体随温度升高而下降,但在20 ℃和45 ℃出现反常升高,在40 ℃工况下,温度较高,且潮解最低相对湿度较低,是腐蚀防控的关键工况。结论 研究明确了滨海核电厂乏燃料干储容器表面沉积物的离子组成特征及其受温度影响的复杂潮解行为,证实了40 ℃为应力腐蚀开裂的高风险工况,应作为腐蚀防控的重点温度。研究结果为潮解状态监测系统的设计及腐蚀控制措施的制定提供了理论依据。
Abstract
The work aims to reveal the ion composition characteristics and deliquescence behavior of deposits on the surface of spent fuel dry storage canisters in coastal nuclear power plants, identify key operating conditions for corrosion prevention and control, and provide a theoretical basis for the design of deposit deliquescence state monitoring systems and the development of corrosion control measures. Deposits were collected from the surface of a spent fuel horizontal storage module (HSM) container in a coastal nuclear power plant in China. Systematic composition analysis and deliquescence performance tests were conducted. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICAP) and high-performance ion chromatography (HPIC) were used to analyze the soluble ion composition. A dedicated polytetrafluoroethylene-copper electrode sample holder was designed to measure the resistance variation under relative humidity ranging from 30% to 95% at temperatures between 5 °C and 70 °C. The main anions in the deposits were NO3- and SO42-, and the main cations were Na+, K+, and Ca²+, which were significantly different from the ion composition of sea salt. The logarithm of electrical resistance of the deposits showed a good linear relationship with relative humidity at all tested temperatures. The deposits were relatively less prone to deliquescence, and the minimum relative humidity required for deliquescence was significantly affected by temperature. Overall, the minimum deliquescence relative humidity decreased with the increasing temperature, but anomalously increased at 20 °C and 45 °C. At 40 °C, the temperature was relatively high while the minimum deliquescence relative humidity was low, making it a critical condition for corrosion prevention. This work clarifies the ion composition characteristics and temperature-dependent complex deliquescence behavior of deposits on the surface of spent fuel dry storage canisters in coastal nuclear power plants. It confirms that 40 °C is a high-risk condition for stress corrosion cracking and should be regarded as the key temperature for corrosion prevention. The results provide a theoretical basis for the design of deliquescence state monitoring systems and the formulation of corrosion control measures.
关键词
乏燃料干储容器 /
应力腐蚀开裂 /
沉积物 /
潮解性能 /
电阻特性 /
温湿度效应
Key words
spent fuel dry storage container /
stress corrosion cracking /
deposits /
deliquescence performance /
resistance characteristics /
temperature and humidity effects
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