目的 针对中早熟‘鲁丽'苹果成熟进程快、集中上市压力大、采前落果率高的生产问题,探究1-MCP 可湿性粉剂对采后品质及保鲜效果的影响。方法 以‘鲁丽'苹果为试材,于采收前10 d树体喷施有效成分75 g/hm2（T1）、150 g/hm2（T2）、225 g/hm2（T3）和300 g/hm2（T4） 1-MCP可湿性粉剂,以清水为对照（CK）。分4个时期采收,统计落果率与单果质量,测定淀粉染色级数、果皮颜色、果皮底色、果肉硬度、可溶性固形物（SSC）、可滴定酸（TA）、乙烯释放量,并进行感官评价,结合主成分分析（PCA）、聚类分析和相关性分析等模型综合评价处理效果。结果 与CK相比,1-MCP可湿性粉剂显著降低采前落果率,T3（225 g/hm2）处理平均落果率较CK降低约43.5%;显著延缓果实软化,T3处理采收后14 d硬度较CK高约12.9%,且货架期延长7~14 d;同时抑制乙烯释放与可溶性固形物积累,维持果实色泽与风味。主成分分析表明,T2、T3、T4均保持较好的综合品质。结论 1-MCP可湿性粉剂可有效降低采前落果率、延缓果实软化、延长货架期,推荐有效成分用量为150~225 g/hm2,可在生产上推广应用。
Abstract
In order to solve the problems of rapid ripening, concentrated market supply, and high preharvest fruit drop of 'Luli' apples (Malus domestica 'Luli''), the work aims to explore the effects of 1-MCP wettable powder on postharvest quality and preservation of 'Luli' apples. In the experiment, 1-MCP wettable powder at 75 g/hm2 (T1), 150 g/hm2 (T2), 225 g/hm2 (T3), and 300 g/hm2 (T4) was sprayed on apple foliage 10 days before harvest, with water as the control (CK). Apples were harvested at four periods. The preharvest fruit drop rate and single fruit weight were counted. After harvest, the starch staining grade, peel color, fruit flesh firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acid (TA), ethylene release, and sensory evaluation were determined. Comprehensive evaluation of the treatment effects was carried out by principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, and correlation analysis. Compared with the CK, 1-MCP wettable powder significantly reduced the preharvest fruit drop rate. The T3 (225 g/hm2) treatment had an average preharvest fruit drop rate 43.5% lower than that of CK, and significantly delayed fruit softening. At 14 days after harvest, the firmness of T3 treated fruit was 12.9% higher than that of the CK, and the shelf life was extended by 7-14 days. Meanwhile, 1 - MCP inhibited ethylene release and soluble solids accumulation, and maintained fruit color and flavor. The results of principal component analysis showed that T2, T3, and T4 all maintained good comprehensive quality. In conclusion, 1-MCP wettable powder can effectively reduce preharvest fruit drop, delay fruit softening, and extend the shelf life. The recommended active ingredient dosage is 150-225 g/hm2, which can be applied in production.
关键词
‘鲁丽'苹果 /
采前 /
1-MCP可湿性粉剂 /
采后品质 /
保鲜
Key words
'Luli' apple /
preharvest /
1-methylcyclopropene wettable powder /
postharvest quality /
preservation
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基金
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目（CAAS-ASTIP-RIP）; 横向合作项目（CP230510-01）; ‘十四五'国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1600504-3）
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