目的 针对电商物流包装透气透湿性不足造成鲜食葡萄腐烂严重等问题,筛选出一种透气透湿性适宜的包装材料。方法 采用激光打孔技术处理4种塑料薄膜,探究打孔处理对塑料薄膜力学性能、阻隔性能的影响,并模拟高温电商物流环境（35 ℃±0.5 ℃）,验证葡萄物流品质。结果 制备的PE和TPU微孔膜的力学性能符合GB/T 21302—2007要求,阻隔性能显著下降。其中,打孔处理使PE薄膜的水蒸气、O2和CO2透过量分别提高了56.36%、130%和50%,表面亲水性增加了16.13%;使TPU薄膜的水蒸气、O2、CO2透过量分别提高了9.16%、150%和76.48%,表面亲水性增加了22.13%。高温物流模拟结果表明,PE微孔膜包装中葡萄的质量损失率与腐烂率较未打孔包装分别降低了37.33%和72.32%,好果率相应提升了46.67%,表明该PE微孔包装对高温物流葡萄品质提升具有显著效果（P<0.05）。结论 PE微孔膜力学性能良好,打孔后透气透湿性显著提高,能够维持高温下鲜食葡萄的物流品质,本研究为生鲜果蔬的电商包装优化提供了技术支撑。
Abstract
The work aims to screen a packaging material with appropriate air and moisture permeability to address the severe decay of table grapes caused by insufficient gas and moisture permeability in e-commerce logistics packaging. Four plastic films were treated using laser perforation technology to investigate the effects of perforation on mechanical properties and barrier properties of the films, and grape logistics quality was validated under simulated high-temperature e-commerce logistics conditions (35 ℃±0.5 ℃). The prepared PE and TPU micro-perforated films met the requirements of GB/T 21302-2007 for mechanical properties, with significantly decreased barrier properties. Specifically, perforation treatment increased the water vapor, O2, and CO2 transmission rates of the PE film by 56.36%, 130%, and 50%, respectively, and surface hydrophilicity by 16.13%; for the TPU film, water vapor, O2, and CO2 transmission rates increased by 9.16%, 150%, and 76.48%, respectively, and surface hydrophilicity by 22.13%. High-temperature logistics simulation results showed that the weight loss and decay rate of grapes packaged in the PE micro-perforated film decreased by 37.33% and 72.32%, respectively, compared with non-perforated packaging, with corresponding 46.67% improvement in the sound fruit rate, indicating that this PE micro-perforated packaging had significant effects on grape quality during high-temperature logistics (P<0.05). The PE micro-perforated film exhibits good mechanical properties and significantly improved air/moisture permeability after perforation, capable of maintaining logistics quality of table grapes under high temperatures. This study provides technical support for optimization of e-commerce packaging for fruit and vegetable products.
关键词
微孔膜 /
力学性能 /
气体透过量 /
葡萄 /
电商包装
Key words
micro-perforated film /
mechanical properties /
gas permeability /
grape /
E-commerce packaging
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基金
国家葡萄产业技术体系（CARS-29）; 新疆兵团财政科技计划项目科技攻关计划（2023AB063）
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