目的 确定影响大豆分离蛋白（Soy Protein Isolate,SPI）膜综合性能的关键制备参数,建立多指标综合评价方法,并明确优化条件下薄膜结构变化与性能提升之间的规律,为植物蛋白基可食性膜材料的制备提供依据。方法 在单因素试验基础上,以辐照剂量、pH、SPI添加量和甘油添加量为自变量,以断裂伸长率、拉伸强度、水蒸气透过率和不透明度为评价指标,采用响应面法优化SPI膜制备工艺。结合主成分分析法和隶属度函数构建综合评价模型,获得综合评分K值,并通过X射线衍射、热重分析、水接触角测定和扫描电镜观察,对优化膜的结构与性能进行表征。结果 响应面优化结果显示,最佳制备条件为辐照剂量31 kGy、pH 9.27、SPI添加量6.3 g/(100 mL)、甘油添加量3.0 g/(100 mL)。在该条件下,薄膜断裂伸长率为98.35%,拉伸强度为4.20 MPa,水蒸气透过率为4.50 (g·mm)/(m2·h·kPa),不透明度为1.95,综合评分K值为0.878,实测值与预测值基本一致。γ辐照处理后,SPI膜结晶度提高,水接触角增大,膜结构更加致密平整。结论 响应面法结合主成分分析和隶属度函数可有效优化SPI膜制备工艺。适度γ辐照能够促进SPI膜内部结构重组,改善其力学性能、阻湿性能和结构稳定性,提高膜的综合应用潜力。
Abstract
The work aims to identify the key preparation parameters affecting the overall performance of soy protein isolate (SPI) films, establish a multi-index comprehensive evaluation method, and clarify the relationship between structural changes and performance improvement under optimized conditions, so as to provide a basis for the preparation of plant protein-based edible films. Based on single-factor experiments, irradiation dose, pH, SPI content, and glycerol content were selected as independent variables, while elongation at break, tensile strength, water vapor permeability, and opacity were used as evaluation indicators. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the preparation process of SPI films. Principal component analysis combined with the membership function method was used to construct a comprehensive evaluation model and obtain the overall score K. In addition, the structure and properties of the optimized films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, water contact angle measurement, and scanning electron microscopy. The results of response surface optimization showed that the optimal preparation conditions were as follows: an irradiation dose of 31 kGy, pH 9.27, SPI content of 6.3 g/(100 mL), and glycerol content of 3.0 g/(100 mL). Under these conditions, the elongation at break, tensile strength, water vapor permeability, opacity, and comprehensive score K of the film were 98.35%, 4.20 MPa, 4.50 (g·mm)/(m2·h·kPa), 1.95, and 0.878, respectively, and the experimental values were basically consistent with the predicted values. After γ-irradiation treatment, the crystallinity of the SPI films increased, the water contact angle increased, and the film structure became denser and smoother. Response surface methodology combined with principal component analysis and the membership function method can effectively optimize the preparation process of SPI films. Appropriate γ-irradiation can promote internal structural rearrangement of SPI films, improve their mechanical properties, moisture barrier properties, and structural stability, and enhance their overall application potential.
关键词
大豆分离蛋白 /
薄膜 /
γ射线辐照
Key words
soy protein isolate /
film /
γ-irradiation
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基金
河南省科技攻关项目（262102110150）; 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（Z20241471142）; 河南省联合基金（235200810065）; 河南省科学院基本科研业务费项目（20250604004）
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