目的 旨在构建一种兼具高效抗菌与活性调控功能的果蔬保鲜复合薄膜体系,通过协同利用壳聚糖的本征抑菌性能与nano-TiO₂的光催化活性,实现对果蔬采后生理过程的有效调控,最终为开发安全、高效、具有双重防护功能的果蔬保鲜材料提供理论依据与技术支撑,并推动其在果蔬贮藏保鲜领域的实际应用。方法 基于纳米TiO2（nano-TiO2）催化杀菌功能和壳聚糖（CS）自身的抗菌防护保鲜作用,采用壳聚糖盐酸盐（CSH）、金红石型nano-TiO2、锐钛矿型nano-TiO2为主要原料制备复合膜并对其微观结构、光学透过、力学、水蒸气透过、抗菌、保鲜等性能进行测试分析。结果 实验结果显示,4种复合膜表面均规整平滑,强度性能优良。添加nano-TiO2的CSH复合膜表面有颗粒感,透明度降低,断裂伸长率明显提升,光吸收性增强,光催化抗菌性能提升。同时,将薄膜应用于柑橘保鲜,发现复合膜对柑橘有较好的光催化杀菌保鲜效果。在长达50 d的贮存后,实验组和对照组柑橘外观均出现不同程度的腐烂斑点,柑橘逐渐失水,质量损失率增加。其中,采用含有nano-TiO2复合涂膜处理后的柑橘在储存14 d后质量损失速率减慢,表明涂膜后柑橘水分的蒸发和外逸受到了阻碍,进一步说明nano-TiO2对柑橘保鲜具有一定的积极作用。结论 通过添加光催化杀菌的nano-TiO2,可基于壳聚糖自身抗菌防护构建双重防护型保鲜薄膜,在果蔬储藏保鲜领域具有较好的应用前景。
Abstract
The work aims to construct a composite film system for fruit and vegetable preservation that integrates efficient antibacterial activity with active regulation functions by synergistically exploiting the intrinsic antimicrobial properties of chitosan and the photocatalytic activity of nano-TiO2, to achieve effective modulation of postharvest physiological processes in fruits and vegetables, and ultimately provide both theoretical foundations and technical support for the development of safe, efficient preservation materials with dual protective functions, thereby promoting their practical application in the field of postharvest storage and preservation of fruits and vegetables. Based on the catalytic antibacterial properties of nano-TiO2 and the inherent antibacterial and preservative effects of chitosan (CS), a composite film was prepared with chitosan hydrochloride (CSH), rutile-type nano-TiO2, and anatase-type nano-TiO2 as primary raw materials. The film's microscopic structure, optical transmittance, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, antibacterial performance, and preservation efficacy were tested and analyzed. Experimental results showed that all four films exhibited good film-forming effects and excellent mechanical properties. The CSH composite film containing nano-TiO2 displayed a granular surface texture, reduced transparency, significantly improved elongation at break, enhanced light absorption, and elevated photocatalytic antibacterial performance. Meanwhile, when the film was applied to citrus fruits preservation, it was found that the composite film exhibited excellent photocatalytic sterilization and preservation effects on citrus fruits. After storage for up to 50 days, varying degrees of decay spots were observed on the surface of citrus fruits in both the experimental and control groups. Meanwhile, gradual moisture loss occurred, accompanied by an increase in weight loss rate. Notably, the citrus fruits treated with preservative films containing nano-TiO2 exhibited a reduced rate of weight loss after 14 days of storage, indicating that the coating effectively inhibited moisture evaporation and outward diffusion from the citrus fruits. These results suggested that the incorporation of nano-TiO2 exerted a positive effect on the preservation of citrus fruits. By incorporating nano-TiO2 with photocatalytic active antibacterial properties, a dual-protection preservative film can be constructed based on the inherent antibacterial and protective functions of chitosan, offering promising applications in the field of fruit and vegetable storage and preservation.
关键词
nano-TiO2 /
壳聚糖 /
复合膜 /
保鲜 /
抗菌
Key words
nano-TiO2 /
chitosan /
composite film /
preservation /
antibacterial properties
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基金
荆楚理工学院高价值专利培育项目（GJZ202305）; 特色花卉生物育种湖北省工程研究中心开放课题（2023YB001）
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