目的 为了验证降低木质纤维（WF）表面自由能是否可以改善木质纤维-聚乙烯基体界面相容性,探究水热处理对WF极性表面能及其复合材料界面结合与性能的影响。方法 通过调控WF水热处理时间,以HDPE为基体,经熔融共混造粒和挤出成型制备WF质量分数为60%⁓80%的木塑复合材料,并利用红外、粒径分析、接触角、SEM、力学等方法对WF和复合材料性能进行系统表征。结果 9 h水热处理后WF极性表面能为7.84 mJ/m2,较对照组（CTR）降低了39.59%,其与非极性聚乙烯之间的表面自由能匹配度提高。然而,HT9-80的拉伸强度、弯曲强度较CTR-80降低17.81%和16.40%,而冲击强度提高40.13%,其值为8.42 kJ/m2,30 ℃时蠕变应变降低40.83%,长度方向热膨胀系数降至7.23×10-6 ℃-1。结论 在本实验条件下,水热处理虽降低了WF表面极性并提高了其与HDPE的表面自由能匹配度,但并未显著改善WPCs界面相容性以达到拉伸和弯曲性能的提升。此外,水热处理9 h对WF纤维形态和尺寸的影响,是导致复合材料综合性能变化的关键因素之一。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the effect of hydrothermal pretreatment on the polar surface energy of WF, as well as the interfacial bonding and properties of its corresponding composites, so as to verify whether reducing the surface free energy of wood fiber (WF) can improve the interfacial compatibility between wood fiber and polyethylene (HDPE) matrix. By regulating the hydrothermal pretreatment time of WF, wood-plastic composites (WPCs) with WF content of 60 wt.%-80 wt.% were prepared with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as the matrix via melt blending, granulation and extrusion molding. The properties of WF and the obtained composites were systematically characterized through a series of methods including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size analysis, contact angle test, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and mechanical performance test. The polar surface energy of WF after 9 h of hydrothermal pretreatment was 7.84 mJ/m2, which was 39.59% lower than that of the control group (CTR), and the polar surface energy compatibility between WF and non-polar polyethylene was enhanced. However, compared with CTR-80, the tensile and flexural strengths of HT9-80 decreased by 17.81% and 16.40%, respectively. Meanwhile, its impact strength reached 8.42 kJ/m2, representing an increase of 40.13%, the creep strain at 30 °C was reduced by 40.83%, and the coefficient of thermal expansion along the length direction dropped to 7.2×10-6 °C-1. Under the conditions employed in this study, although hydrothermal pretreatment reduces the surface polarity of WF and improves the matching degree of surface free energy with non-polar polyolefin, it does not improve the interfacial compatibility of WPCs to achieve the expected goals of enhancing tensile and flexural properties. The effect of 9 h hydrothermal pretreatment on the morphology and dimensional characteristics of WF fibers is a key factor leading to the change in the comprehensive performance of the composites.
关键词
木塑复合材料 /
界面作用 /
表面极性 /
水热处理
Key words
wood-plastic composites (WPCs) /
interfacial interaction /
surface polarity /
hydrothermal pretreatment
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基金
广东省自然科学基金青年提升项目（2024A1515030040）
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