目的 为推动包装绿色化与可循环化,解决快递包装废弃物难降解、难回收问题,为快递箱可持续发展提供创新方案。方法 基于循环设计等设计方法对可循环快递箱进行结构功能一体化设计,创新设计滑轨式可拆卸铰链结构,通过铰链与箱板滑槽配合实现模块化和平板化。通过实验测试了PLA板材的力学性能,并对铰链进行折叠疲劳测试、对整箱进行了抗压与跌落测试。对铰链及整箱结构进行了静力学仿真分析。结果 实验结果表明,PLA板材弯具备良好的塑性变形能力;铰链通过了20 000次折叠无损坏;整箱平均抗压溃力约为3 362.6 N,约为同尺寸瓦楞纸箱的1.8倍,且能通过六面三棱三角跌落测试。有限元仿真显示,铰链在折叠与展开状态下的应力分布均匀,最大应力约为60 MPa;整箱在3 500 N压力下最大应力为44.2 MPa,无剧烈应力集中,结构设计合理。结论 本研究成功实现了PLA材料与可折叠功能的结合,建立了从材料测试、结构设计到性能验证的完整体系,对有限元方法在包装工程中的应用进行了实践,形成“设计-实验-仿真-评估-讨论”的闭环研究框架,为绿色包装发展提供了理论依据和技术支持,对快递箱设计与应用向可持续发展转型提供了一定的参考价值。
Abstract
To promote the green and circular development of packaging and address the issues of non-degradability and difficult recycling of express packaging waste, the work aims to provide innovative solutions for the sustainable development of express boxes. An integrated structure-function design for a recyclable express box was carried out based on circular design and other methodologies. A novel slide-rail type detachable hinge structure was designed, achieving modularity and panelization by engaging the hinges with sliding grooves on the box sheets. Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of PLA sheets, along with folding fatigue tests on the hinges and compression and drop tests on the complete box. Static simulation analysis was performed on both the hinge and the complete box structure. The experimental results indicated that the PLA sheets demonstrated good plastic deformation capability. The hinges passed a 20 000-cycle folding test without damage. The average compression resistance of the complete box was approximately 3 362.6 N, which was about 1.8 times that of a corrugated cardboard box of the same size, and it passed the six-face, three-edge, and three-corner drop test. Finite element simulation results showed that the stress distribution on the hinges in both folded and unfolded states was uniform, with a maximum stress of about 60 MPa. Under a 3 500 N compressive load, the maximum stress on the complete box was 44.2 MPa, with no severe stress concentration, confirming a reasonable structural design. This work successfully integrates PLA materials with foldable functionality, establishes a complete system from material test and structural design to performance verification, applies finite element methods in packaging engineering practice, and forms a closed-loop research framework of "design-experiment-simulation-evaluation-discussion", further providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of green packaging and offering valuable insights for the transition of express box design and application toward sustainable development.
关键词
聚乳酸 /
可循环快递箱 /
模块化设计 /
力学性能 /
绿色包装
Key words
polylactic acid (PLA) /
recyclable express box /
modular design /
mechanical properties /
green packaging
中图分类号：
TB485.3
TB482.2
TB32
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基金
国家重点研发计划快递包装原料绿色替代与产品生态设计技术（2023YFC3904603）
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