目的 传统浸渍用三醛胶释放甲醛等有毒气体,对人体以及环境有着巨大的危害,水性聚丙烯酸酯乳液具有挥发性有机物含量低、施工安全等优势,但在装饰纸浸渍领域中的超细粒径、低黏度乳液缺乏系统探索,本研究旨在制备低粒径、低黏度且无挥发性有毒气体的浸渍用水性聚丙烯酸酯乳液。方法 以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯为聚合单体,乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷为交联剂,加入正十二硫醇/3-巯基丙烯酸酯降低乳液粒径,采用种子半连续乳液聚合法制备水性聚丙烯酸酯乳液;利用傅里叶红外光谱、万能材料试验机、激光粒度分析仪、旋转黏度计,考察乳液的稳定性能、力学性能、粒径、黏度等主要性能指标。结果 加入分子量调节剂后,乳液的综合性能得到显著改善。经优化后,乳液的平均粒径降至70 nm以下,黏度同步降低至6.0 mPa·s以内,满足了浸渍工艺对乳液流体行为的基本要求。在聚合稳定性方面,DM体系的残胶率可控制在0.03%,而D-704体系则表现出更优的稳定性,残胶率稳定维持在0.02%~0.04%之间。此外,离心沉淀率测试结果表明,DM体系的沉淀率介于0.60%~1.10%,而D-704体系进一步降至0.45%~0.94%,显示出更佳的储存稳定性。力学性能测试显示,采用D-704改性的乳胶膜拉伸强度最高可达8.36 MPa。结论 3-巯基丙烯酸酯作为分子量调节剂加入乳液后,吸水率由15.68%降低至10.43%,乳胶膜的耐水性得到明显提升,优于DM体系,表明D-704在调控粒径、降低黏度和提高聚合稳定性方面更具优势,同时拉伸强度可达8.36 MPa,黏度低至6 mPa·s,在浸渍过程中有着更好的浸渍效果。为水性树脂在高速、高渗透性浸渍应用中的结构与性能协同调控提供了重要参考,对推动装饰纸等行业向绿色低碳转型具有明确的工程指导意义。
Abstract
Traditional impregnation uses aldehyde-based resins during which harmful gases such as formaldehyde are released, posing significant risks to both human health and the environment. Water-based polyacrylic acid emulsions have the advantages of low volatile organic content and safe construction. However, there is a lack of systematic exploration of ultra-fine particle size and low viscosity emulsions for the impregnation process in decorative paper. The work aims to prepare water-based polyacrylic acid emulsions with low particle size, low viscosity, and no volatile toxic gases for the impregnation process. With methyl methacrylate, isooctyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and ethyl acrylate as polymer monomers and vinyl triethoxysilane as a crosslinking agent, a molecular weight regulator was added to reduce the particle size of the emulsion. The water-based polyacrylic acid emulsion was prepared with the seed semi-continuous emulsion polymerization method. Fourier infrared spectroscopy, universal material testing machine, laser particle size analyzer, and rotational viscometer were used to investigate the main performance indicators such as the stability, mechanical properties, particle size, and viscosity of the emulsion. After the molecular weight regulator was added, the comprehensive performance of the emulsion was significantly improved. After optimization, the average particle size of the emulsion was reduced to below 70 nm, and the viscosity was simultaneously reduced to within 6.0 mPa·s, meeting the basic requirements for the fluid behavior of the impregnation process. In terms of polymer stability, the residual gel rate of the DM system could be controlled at 0.03%, while the D-704 system showed better stability, with the residual gel rate remaining stable between 0.02% and 0.04%. Moreover, the centrifugal sedimentation rate test results indicated that the sedimentation rate of the DM system was between 0.60% and 1.10%, while that of the D-704 system further decreased to 0.45% to 0.94%, demonstrating better storage stability. Mechanical property tests showed that the tensile strength of the latex film modified by D-704 could reach up to 8.36 MPa. When 3-mercaptopyryl acrylate is added as a molecular weight regulator to the emulsion, the water absorption rate decreases from 15.68% to 10.43%, and the water resistance of the latex film is significantly improved, outperforming that of the DM system. This indicates that D-704 has more advantages in regulating particle size, reducing viscosity, and improving polymer stability. The tensile strength reaches 8.36 MPa, and the viscosity is as low as 6 mPa·s, providing better impregnation performance during the impregnation process. This provides an important reference for the structural and performance co-regulation of water-based resins in high-speed and high-permeability impregnation applications, and has clear engineering guidance significance for promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of industries such as decorative paper.
关键词
浸渍胶 /
水性丙烯酸 /
装饰纸
Key words
impregnation resin /
water-based acrylic /
decorative paper
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基金
“广东特支计划”青年拔尖人才项目（2024TQ08C172）; 广东省科技创新战略专项资金（大学生科技创新培育）项目（pdjh2026bk041）; 国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（202510564006S）; 韶关市科技计划项目（873003）; 清远市科技计划项目（2024BQW017）
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