目的 针对无人机“轻、小、多、灵”特性导致的传统惰性破片毁伤效能不足的问题,探索兼具动能与化学能毁伤模式的钨锆含能破片对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）无人机蒙皮的毁伤行为与侵彻机理。方法 采用实验与仿真联合分析的方法,开展钨锆含能破片侵彻CFRP靶的研究。实验中,在靶后120 mm处分别设置肥皂靶或铝靶,用于回收碎片云并评估二次毁伤效能;同时,利用高速摄影仪记录破片侵彻过程及碎片云的衍化行为。通过实验结果验证LS-DYNA仿真模型的正确性,进而系统分析CFRP靶厚度、破片冲击速度及纤维铺层方式对毁伤效果的影响规律。结果 实验与仿真结果吻合良好,侵彻孔径与破片剩余速度的相对误差分别为7.32%与2.64%。明确了CFRP靶的穿孔形貌、分层损伤特征及靶后碎片云的构成,证实碎片云二次冲击铝靶时可释放化学能,实现毁伤增强;阐明了侵彻过程中以“压剪耦合连续侵蚀-压剪拉混合破坏-拉伸破坏”为主的三阶段破坏模式,总结了靶后碎片云的形态演化规律。研究表明,钨锆含能破片侵彻CFRP靶时呈“穿而未激活”的准惰性状态,但其产生的靶后碎片云仍具有显著的化学能释放潜力。结论 钨锆含能破片对CFRP靶及靶后结构可实现“动能侵彻-化学能后效增强”的复合毁伤,其关键机制在于靶后形成的“含能碎片云”。本研究为发展含能破片对无人机内部结构的高效毁伤新途径提供了理论与实验依据。
Abstract
Aiming at the insufficient damage effectiveness of traditional inert fragments against unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) characterized by being "light, small, numerous, and agile", the work aims to investigate the penetration mechanism and post-penetration damage capability of tungsten-zirconium (W-Zr) energetic fragments, which combine kinetic and chemical energy damage modes, against carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) UAV skins, through an experimental and simulation-based approach. In the experiments, soap or aluminum witness plates were placed 120 mm behind the CFRP target to capture fragment clouds and evaluate secondary damage, and record the penetration process and cloud evolution by high-speed photography. The experimental data validated the LS-DYNA simulation model, enabling systematic analysis of the influence of CFRP target thickness, impact velocity, and fiber ply orientation on damage effects. Resultsshowed good agreement between tests and simulations, with relative errors of 7.32% for hole diameter and 2.64% for residual velocity. The perforation morphology, delamination features, and composition of the behind-target fragment cloud were clarified. It was demonstrated that the fragment cloud could release chemical energy upon impacting the aluminum witness plate, enhancing damage. A three-stage failure mode ("shear-compression coupled continuous erosion-mixed shear-tension failure-tensile failure") was identified, and the morphological evolution of the fragment cloud was summarized. The study revealed that although W-Zr energetic fragments remained in a quasi-inert "piercing without activation" state during CFRP penetration, the resulting fragment cloud retained significant potential for chemical energy release. In conclusion, W-Zr energetic fragments achieve combined "kinetic penetration -chemical energy post-effect enhancement" damage against CFRP and behind-target structures, primarily enabled by the "energetic fragment cloud" formed behind the target. This research provides theoretical and experimental support for developing new efficient damage approaches against internal UAV structures using energetic fragments.
关键词
钨锆含能破片 /
CFRP靶 /
毁伤效应 /
数值仿真
Key words
tungsten-zirconium energetic fragment /
CFRP target /
damage effect /
numerical simulation
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