目的 解决交通拥堵干扰下生鲜水产品剩余货架期缩短与配送成本上升问题。方法 提出一种考虑剩余货架期的冷链物流配送路径干扰管理模型（VRP-TC）。通过构建“交通断路-原发性拥堵-继发性拥堵”三级干扰模型,基于复合圆半径动态划分拥堵区域,并设置不同速度惩罚系数;将剩余货架期作为重要考虑因素,建立指数型货架期损失成本函数,以最小化总成本（含固定成本、运输成本、冷藏成本及货架期损失成本）为目标。为高效求解模型,设计结合模拟退火机制的改进遗传算法,采用孪生变异算子与PMX交叉策略,提高收敛速度且避免局部最优。结果 基于Solomon算例验证表明,VRP-TC模型通过主动规避拥堵区域使货架期损失成本降低了28.4%~31.3%,总成本下降了6.7%~7.0%,结论 此模型可以显著提升配送时效性与产品新鲜度保障能力。
Abstract
The work aims to address the issues of reduced remaining shelf-life of fresh aquatic products and increased distribution costs under traffic congestion interference. A cold chain logistics distribution route interference management model (VRP-TC) that considered the remaining shelf-life was proposed. A three-level interference model of "traffic disruption-primary congestion-secondary congestion" was constructed, where congestion areas were dynamically divided based on the composite circle radius and different speed penalty coefficients were set. Taking the remaining shelf-life as a key consideration, an exponential shelf-life loss cost function was established, with the goal of minimizing the total cost (including fixed costs, transportation costs, refrigeration costs, and shelf-life loss costs). To solve the model efficiently, an improved genetic algorithm combined with a simulated annealing mechanism was designed, which adopted a twin mutation operator and a PMX (Partially Mapped Crossover) strategy to improve convergence speed and avoid local optimality. Verification based on Solomon test instances shows that: by proactively avoiding congestion areas, the VRP-TC model reduces the shelf-life loss cost by 28.4%-31.3% and the total cost by 6.7%-7.0%, which can significantly improve the distribution timeliness and the ability to ensure product freshness.
关键词
公路运输 /
路径优化 /
遗传算法 /
配送总成本
Key words
highway transportation /
route optimization /
genetic algorithm /
total cost of distribution
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基金
辽宁省科技计划联合计划项目（2025-MSLH-036）; 国家重点研发计划项目子课题（2022YFD2100603）
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