目的 针对乏燃料容器及其密封盖的操作要求和常规操作面临的问题,设计一种密封盖吊装用专用锁具,以方便密封盖的装拆操作,确保乏燃料容器的包容完整性及乏燃料组件在装卸料、后续运输和中间贮存过程的安全。方法 基于乏燃料容器的结构特点和核电厂装卸料的操作程序,分析乏燃料容器密封盖专用提升工具的功能要求、接口要求、控制要求和环境要求等设计要求。提出密封盖专用锁具的总体设计方案,采用“四点提升法”,即使用4根均由起吊螺钉、卸扣、钢丝绳、锁具螺旋扣和旋转吊环螺钉组成的专用锁具以实现密封盖的平稳吊装;将锁具与容器专用吊具集成,以提高设备使用的便捷性。提出了密封盖专用锁具的选型准则,并对锁具的各零部件进行选型和强度校核,以验证设计方案的合理性。使用专用吊索对密封盖进行了吊装试验,以验证专用锁具的功能性和安全性。结果 进行理论计算,密封盖吊装用锁具各关键部件的理论载荷均大于实际载荷,安全裕量大于0;进行密封盖吊装试验,专用锁具在进行静载试验和动载试验前后,各承载部位的目视检测和液体渗透检测均合格。结论 理论计算结构和试验结构证明,密封盖专用索具的设计方案和选型能够满足设计要求,能够满足密封盖安装和拆卸过程中的功能要求和安全要求。为大型乏燃料容器密封盖吊装工具的设计提供了一种方法,满足了乏燃料容器操作要求和安全要求;也为乏燃料容器顺利实现国产自主供货,提高容器用户的使用体验提供了一层保障。
Abstract
The work aims to design the special rigging for the lifting of seal covers to address the operational requirements and common challenges associated with spent fuel casks and their seal covers, so as to facilitate the installation and removal of seal covers, ensuring the containment integrity of the spent fuel cask and the safety of spent fuel assemblies during loading/unloading, subsequent transportation, and interim storage. Based on the structural characteristics of spent fuel casks and the handling procedures for reactor loading and unloading in nuclear power plants, the design requirements of the special lifting device for spent fuel cask seal covers, including functional, interface, control, and environmental requirements, were analyzed. A comprehensive design scheme for the special seal cover rigging was proposed. It adopted a "four-point lifting system", utilizing four sets of specialized tools, each comprising a lifting screw, shackle, wire rope, turnbuckle, and swivel hoist ring, to ensure the stable hoisting of the cover. The rigging was integrated with the cask's dedicated spreader beam to enhance operational convenience. Selection criteria for the special seal cover rigging were established. Following the selection and structural integrity verification of all components to validate the design rationale, functional validation tests were conducted with specialized lifting slings to confirm the operational performance and safety of the rigging. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that the theoretical load capacity of all key components in the seal cover rigging exceeded the actual operational loads, resulting in a positive safety margin. Lifting tests of the seal cover were conducted. Before and after the static and dynamic load tests performed with the special rigging, visual inspection and liquid penetrant test confirmed that all load-bearing parts met the required standards. Both theoretical calculations and experimental results validate that the design and selection of the special seal cover rigging fulfills all design specifications, meeting the functional and safety requirements for both installation and removal. This work establishes a method for designing lifting tools for large spent fuel cask covers, addressing their operational and safety demands. Furthermore, it contributes to securing the Chinese supply chain for spent fuel casks and enhances the user experience.
关键词
专用锁具 /
密封盖 /
选型 /
试验 /
乏燃料容器
Key words
special rigging /
seal cover /
selection /
test /
spent fuel cask
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