运载火箭整流罩合罩技术发展现状与关键技术研究综述

贾希贝; 张骏; 田诺曼; 李红兵

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.21.034

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包装工程（技术栏目） ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (21) : 315-325. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.21.034

装备防护

运载火箭整流罩合罩技术发展现状与关键技术研究综述

贾希贝¹, 张骏², 田诺曼¹, 李红兵^3*

作者信息 +

Review of Development Status and Key Technologies of Launch Vehicle Fairing Closure Systems

JIA Xibei¹, ZHANG Jun², TIAN Nuoman¹, LI Hongbing^3*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的围绕运载火箭整流罩合罩装置展开深入探讨,旨在解决大型整流罩装配过程中面临的高精度对接、变形控制及装配稳定性等挑战,以满足商业航天高频次发射任务对整流罩合罩技术的需求。方法通过梳理近年来国内外整流罩装配领域的研究成果,详细分析垂直吊装扣罩技术与水平推装合罩技术的原理、优缺点及应用实例,并对不同型号火箭的合罩装置进行对比研究,总结出合罩设备主要由型架、行走机构、姿调机构和星罩支承平台组成。深入探讨了六自由度调姿补偿系统在合罩装置中的应用,以及高型架防倾覆计算方法,确保装配过程的稳定性和安全性。同时,展望合罩装置的智能化发展趋势,包括智能感知与实时反馈技术、自主决策与自适应控制、人机协作与智能交互等方面,以提升整流罩对接精度、效率及适应复杂工况的能力。结论国内外研究结果表明,采用先进的合罩技术和装置,可显著提高装配精度和效率,降低装配风险,为整流罩合罩装置的设计提供有效的借鉴与参考,有力推动了商业航天高频次发射任务的顺利开展。

Abstract

The work aims to thoroughly examine launch vehicle fairing closure systems to address challenges in high-precision alignment, deformation control, and assembly stability for large fairings, aiming to meet the demands of high-frequency commercial space launches. By reviewing recent research in fairing assembly, this paper analyzed the principles, pros and cons, and applications of vertical hoisting and horizontal push-installation techniques. It compared closure systems across rocket models, identifying common components like fixtures, walking mechanisms, pose-adjustment mechanisms, and star-fairing support platforms. The paper also delved into how six-degree-of-freedom systems corrected warpage in large flexible thin-walled structures and how high fixtures prevented overturning, ensuring assembly stability and safety. Furthermore, it explored the intelligent trends in closure systems, including smart sensing, real-time feedback, autonomous decision-making, adaptive control, human-machine collaboration, and intelligent interaction, to enhance alignment accuracy, efficiency, and adaptability to complex conditions. Research shows that advanced fairing closure technologies and systems can significantly improve assembly precision and efficiency, reduce risks, and provide valuable references for closure system design. This supports the smooth execution of high-frequency commercial space launches.

导出引用

贾希贝, 张骏, 田诺曼, 李红兵. 运载火箭整流罩合罩技术发展现状与关键技术研究综述[J]. 包装工程. 2025, 46(21): 315-325 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.21.034

JIA Xibei, ZHANG Jun, TIAN Nuoman, LI Hongbing. Review of Development Status and Key Technologies of Launch Vehicle Fairing Closure Systems[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2025, 46(21): 315-325 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.21.034

中图分类号： TB472

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