目的 通过将蜂窝夹芯板替代传统电池包铝合金箱体框架,研究侧向冲击下,各参数对电池包质量与侵入量的影响。方法 采用正交试验设计方法,筛选出蜂窝夹芯板中面板材料和蜂窝芯层的最佳吸能组合,并据此建立电池包有限元模型,使用LS-DYNA研究3个蜂窝参数（高度、厚度、胞长）、4个面板参数（0°、±45°、90°铺层厚度）和3个箱体厚度参数对电池包侧向冲击动态响应的影响。进一步构建RBF、Kriging和RSM 3种近似模型,以质量和侵入量最小为优化目标,结合NSGA-Ⅱ算法寻求最优解。结果 准静态压缩分析显示,六边形蜂窝与CFRP面板的组合具有最佳吸能效果。由拟合度最高的RBF模型分析结果可见,蜂窝的高度和厚度的增加会导致质量和挤压力升高,而质量比吸能和侵入量则降低。经多目标优化后,电池包箱体质量较优化前减少了47.21%,质量比吸能提高了34.43%,挤压力下降22.52%且满足设计要求;侵入量虽有增加,但与电池之间仍有5.29 mm安全余量。结论 采用蜂窝夹芯板替代铝合金框架后,电池包的侧向抗冲击性能得到提高,为电池安全防护提供了平衡性能与轻量化的又一技术路径。
Abstract
The work aims to replace the traditional aluminum-alloy frame of the battery pack with honeycomb sandwich panels, to examine the effects of various parameters on the mass and intrusion of the battery pack under lateral impact. An orthogonal experimental design was adopted to identify the optimal energy-absorbing combination of face-sheet materials and honeycomb cores, on which a finite element model of the battery pack was established. Using LS-DYNA, the influences of three honeycomb parameters (height, thickness, and cell size), four face-sheet parameters (ply thicknesses at 0°, ±45°, and 90°), and three enclosure thickness parameters on the dynamic response under lateral impact were analyzed. Furthermore, three surrogate models—RBF, Kriging, and RSM—were constructed with the objectives of minimizing mass and intrusion, and the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm was employed to obtain the optimal solution. Quasi-static compression analysis showed that the combination of a hexagonal honeycomb and CFRP face sheets provided the best energy absorption performance. Results from the RBF model with the highest fitting accuracy indicated that increasing honeycomb height and thickness led to higher mass and crushing force, while specific energy absorption and intrusion decreased. After multi-objective optimization, the mass of the battery pack enclosure decreased by 47.21%, specific energy absorption increased by 34.43%, and crushing force decreased by 22.52% while still meeting the design requirements; Although intrusion increased slightly, a safety margin of 5.29 mm remained between the battery and the enclosure. Replacing the aluminum-alloy frame with honeycomb sandwich panels thus improves the lateral impact resistance of the battery pack and provides a technical pathway that balances safety protection and lightweight design.
关键词
蜂窝夹芯板 /
侧向冲击 /
近似模型 /
NSGA-Ⅱ算法 /
轻量化
Key words
honeycomb sandwich panel /
lateral impact /
surrogate model /
NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm /
lightweight design
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基金
黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目（LH2022E100）;哈尔滨市科学技术局科技计划自筹经费项目（2023ZCZJCG036）
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