目的 为探究木霉菌处理对‘塞外红’苹果农药残留的降解效果以及最适处理浓度对贮藏期间果实表皮抗氧化酶及相关产物活性及含量的影响。方法 以‘塞外红’苹果为试验材料,采后使用含有氯虫苯甲酰胺及多菌灵2种农药的混合农药进行浸泡处理,接着用2、4、6 g/L质量浓度的木霉菌浸泡10 min后置于冷库中贮藏,对贮藏期间农药的残留量进行测定,并分析最适处理质量浓度下过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性及还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧阴离子（·O₂⁻）含量的变化。结果 贮藏0 d时4 g/L与6 g/L处理组的多菌灵残留量显著低于其他组,贮藏60 d时与农药组相比两个处理组多菌灵降解率均约为69%;低温贮藏期间,农药组、2 g/L及4 g/L组的氯虫苯甲酰胺残留量呈先升后降趋势,残留量排序从大到小为农药组、2 g/L组、4 g/L组,6 g/L组残留量呈波动变化,中期显著低于4 g/L组,但60 d时残留量（0.17 mg/kg）与4 g/L组（0.16 mg/kg）无显著差异（P>0.05）,综合来看4 g/L为木霉菌最适处理质量浓度。与无任何处理的空白组相比,4 g/L木霉菌处理使SOD、CAT、PAL活性在贮藏期持续提升,APX、POD活性（前中期）及GSH含量（中后期）显著升高（P<0.05）,同时抑制·O₂⁻生成速率并减缓MDA积累。结论 与农药处理组相比,4 g/L木霉菌处理对多菌灵与氯虫苯甲酰胺的降解效果最佳,且贮藏期间总体上提升了果实的抗逆能力,减少了果实受到的氧化损伤,提升了‘塞外红’苹果的食品安全性。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the degradation effect of Trichoderma on pesticide residues in 'Saiwai Hong' apples, and the effect of the optimal degradation concentration on the activity and content of antioxidant enzymes and related substances in fruits during storage. The 'Saiwai Red' apples were used as experimental materials. After harvesting, a mixed pesticide containing chlorfenapyr and carbendazim was used for soaking treatment. Then, Trichoderma at concentrations of 2 g/L, 4 g/L, and 6 g/L was soaked for 10 minutes and stored in a cold storage. The residual amount of pesticides during storage was measured, and the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), as well as the changes in reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide anion (·O2-) content were analyzed at the optimal treatment concentration. At 0 days of storage, the residues of carbendazim in the 4 g/L and 6 g/L treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the other groups. At 60 days of storage, compared with the pesticide group, the degradation rates of carbendazim in both treatment groups were approximately 69%. During the low-temperature storage period, the residual levels of chlorfenapyr in the pesticide group, 2 g/L and 4 g/L groups showed an initial increase followed by a decrease trend, with the order of residual levels being: pesticide group>2 g/L group>4 g/L group (P<0.05). The residual amount in the 6 g/L group showed fluctuating changes, significantly lower than that in the 4 g/L group in the middle stage, but there was no significant difference in residual amount (0.17 mg/kg) and 4 g/L group (0.16 mg/kg) at 60 days (P>0.05), indicating that 4 g/L was the optimal concentration of Trichoderma. Compared with the blank group without any treatment, treatment with 4 g/L mycotoxin continuously increased the activities of SOD, CAT, and PAL during storage and significantly increased the activities of APX and POD (in the early and middle stages), and GSH content (in the middle and late stages) (P<0.05), while inhibiting the generation rate of ·O2- and slowing down the accumulation of MDA. Compared with the pesticide treatment group, treatment with 4 g/L Trichoderma shows the best degradation effect on carbendazim and chlorfenapyr, and comprehensively improves the fruit's stress resistance during storage, reducing oxidative damage and improving the food safety of 'Saiwai Hong' apples.
关键词
‘塞外红’苹果 /
农药残留 /
木霉菌 /
降解效果 /
抗氧化酶 /
解毒
Key words
'Saiwai Red' apple /
pesticide residues /
Trichoderma /
degradation effect /
antioxidant enzymes /
detoxification
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2022YFD1600504）
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