目的 解决目前冷藏运输装备能耗较高的问题。方法 引入节能降耗改进技术,在综合分析冷藏运输装备能耗构成的基础上,研制新型隔热、蓄能材料,设计新型无源模块化蓄冷运输装备,并开展性能测试。结果 在隔热性能方面,研制了具有高反射率的复合型围护结构,实验表明结构优化后的外表面峰值温度最高下降了14.9%,平均温度最大降幅达到7.6%;内表面峰值温度最高下降了5.1%,平均温度最大降幅达到5.0%。在制冷性能方面,开发了一系列无毒、高潜热量蓄冷剂,并设计了可拼接模块化蓄冷装置,提出了相应的运用模式。实验表明,在蓄冷剂使用量为1 t时,9.6 m冷藏车厢的有效控温时间可达到10 d以上,满足长途运输的需要。在经济性方面,新型无源模块化蓄冷运输装备相较于传统机械冷藏车,其年均制冷成本下降了79.6%。结论 可为冷藏运输装备新能源的运用提供参考。
Abstract
The work aims to solve the current problem of high energy consumption of refrigerated transport equipment. Energy-saving and consumption-reducing improvement technologies were introduced to develop new heat insulation and energy storage materials and design new passive modular cold storage transport equipment based on the comprehensive analysis of the energy consumption composition of refrigerated transport equipment. In terms of heat-insulating performance, a composite enclosure structure with high reflectivity was developed, and experiments showed that the peak temperature of the outer surface dropped by a maximum of 14.9% after structural optimization, with the average temperature dropping by a maximum of 7.6%. The peak temperature of the inner surface dropped by a maximum of 5.1%, with the average temperature dropping by a maximum of 5.0%. In terms of refrigeration performance, a series of non-toxic high-latent heat accumulators were developed, along with a modular and connectable cold storage device, and corresponding application models were proposed. Experiments showed that when the amount of accumulator used was 1 t, the effective temperature control of the 9.6 m refrigerator van reached more than 10 d, meeting the needs of long-distance transport. In terms of economy, the average annual refrigeration cost of the new passive modular cold storage transport equipment was 79.6% lower than that of the traditional mechanical refrigerated vehicle. The study can provide reference for the use of new energy in refrigerated transport equipment.
关键词
冷链 /
冷藏运输 /
载运工具 /
蓄冷 /
辐射制冷
Key words
cold chain /
refrigerated transport /
carrier /
cold storage /
radiation cooling
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基金
教育部人文社科项目（23YJA630060）; 广东省哲学社会科学规划（GD22CGL01）; 广州市科技计划（2024A03J0315）
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