目的 针对传统石油基包装材料环境负荷高、资源依赖性强的问题,构建生物基包装材料生命周期评估模型,评价其可持续性,并提出应用优化策略。方法 基于ISO 14040/14044,建立包含原料获取、生产制造、使用和废弃处理全过程的LCA评价框架,选取碳足迹、水足迹、土地利用等关键指标,对PLA、PHA、淀粉基和纤维素基等典型生物基包装材料进行定量评估,并与传统PE、PP材料进行对比分析。结果 PLA在全生命周期中的碳排放比PE降低了35%,在海洋环境中PHA在6~12个月内可完全降解,在堆肥条件下淀粉基材料在90 d内完全降解,但其力学性能较差。生产制造阶段是主要环境影响源,占总影响的60%~75%。结论 生物基包装材料在环境友好性方面具有显著优势,通过技术创新、产业协同和政策引导可实现大规模应用,可为包装产业绿色转型提供技术支撑。
Abstract
The work aims to establish a life cycle assessment model for bio-based packaging materials to evaluate their sustainability and propose application optimization strategies, so as to address the high environmental burden and strong resource dependence of traditional polyolefin-based packaging materials. Based on ISO 14040/14044 standards, a comprehensive LCA evaluation framework covering raw material acquisition, production, use, and end-of-life treatment was established. Key indicators including carbon footprint, water footprint, and land use were selected to quantitatively assess typical bio-based packaging materials such as PLA, PHA, starch-based, and cellulose-based materials, with comparative analysis against traditional PE and PP materials. PLA showed 35% reduction in carbon emissions compared with PE throughout its life cycle. PHA could completely degrade in a marine environment within 6-12 months. Starch-based materials could completely degrade within 90 days under composting conditions but had poor mechanical properties. The production stage was the major source of environmental impact, accounting for 60%-75% of total impact. In conclusion, bio-based packaging materials demonstrate significant advantages in environmental friendliness. Through technological innovation, industrial collaboration, and policy guidance, large-scale application can be achieved, providing support for the green transformation of the packaging industry.
关键词
生物基包装材料 /
生命周期评估 /
可持续性 /
碳足迹 /
循环经济
Key words
bio-based packaging materials /
life cycle assessment /
sustainability /
carbon footprint /
circular economy
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基金
2025年度山西省高质量发展研究课题（SXGZL2025084）; 国家社会科学基金（21FGLB046,24FGLB047）; 北京经济管理职业学院科技英才支持计划（25KJLH01）
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