目的 提高PVA的阻燃性能,使其可作为无卤阻燃包装膜材料。方法 通过六氯环三磷腈（HCCP）与聚乙烯醇（PVA）的交联反应和铸膜法制备了PVA-HCCP膜材料。用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察样品的形貌,用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）表征材料的化学结构,用极限氧指数（LOI）、垂直燃烧（UL-94）、热重分析（TGA）、微型量热法（MCC）测试材料的热性能和阻燃性能,用拉伸性能测试分析材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,用耐水性测试分析样品的耐水性能。结果 当添加质量分数为15%的HCCP时,复合材料PVA-HCCP的极限氧指数（LOI）达到32.15%,垂直燃烧等级达到UL94V-0级别,总热释放量较纯PVA降低了66.6%,最大热失重速率温度提高了191.9 ℃,残炭率提高了18.8%,改善了熔滴性;拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提高了77.8%和169.8%。结论 PVA-HCCP膜材料同时存在气相阻燃和固相阻燃机理。HCCP不仅对PVA具有良好的阻燃性能,还改善了PVA的耐水性。
Abstract
The work aims to improve the flame-retardant property of PVA to use it as a halogen-free flame-retardant packaging film material. A PVA-HCCP film material was prepared through crosslinking reaction between hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and PVA, followed by a solution casting method. The morphology of the sample was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the chemical structure was characterized via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The thermal and flame-retardant properties were evaluated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and micro-calorimetry (MCC). The mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) and water resistance were tested to analyze performance improvements. With 15 wt% HCCP addition, the PVA-HCCP composite achieved an LOI of 32.15%, UL-94 V-0 rating, and a 66.6% reduction in total heat release compared with pure PVA. The maximum weight loss rate temperature increased by 191.9 °C, char residue improved by 18.8%, and melt dripping was suppressed. Additionally, the tensile strength and elongation at break increased by 77.8% and 169.8%, respectively. The PVA-HCCP film material exhibits dual gas-phase and condensed-phase flame-retardant mechanisms. HCCP not only enhances the flame-retardant property of PVA but also significantly improves its water resistance.
关键词
聚乙烯醇 /
六氯环三磷腈 /
阻燃 /
耐水性
Key words
polyvinyl alcohol /
hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene /
flame-retardant /
water resistance
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基金
国家自然科学基金青年基金（22202142）; 江苏省产学研合作项目（BY20230293）
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