基于二维Voronoi模型的密度梯度泡沫铝冲击波传播特性研究

吴晨曦; 刘凯; 敬霖

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.19.004

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包装工程（技术栏目） ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (19) : 31-40. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.19.004

冲击防护超材料与超结构

基于二维Voronoi模型的密度梯度泡沫铝冲击波传播特性研究

吴晨曦, 刘凯, 敬霖^*

作者信息 +

Shock Wave Propagation Characteristics in Density-gradient Aluminium Foams Based on 2D Voronoi Model

WU Chenxi, LIU Kai, JING Lin^*

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文章历史 +

摘要

目的研究恒速冲击下连续密度梯度泡沫铝的动态压溃力学行为与冲击波传播特性。方法基于率无关的刚性-塑性硬化（R-PH）本构关系建立密度梯度泡沫铝的一维非线性冲击波模型,基于二维Voronoi方法建立密度梯度泡沫铝的动态压缩细观有限元模型,分析梯度泡沫铝典型的动态变形模式和应力-应变响应,揭示梯度泡沫铝的一维速度场分布规律和冲击波传播特性,比较理论与有限元计算得到的波阵面平均速度。结果相较于均匀密度与正梯度泡沫铝的单一变形模式,负梯度泡沫铝的变形随着冲击速度增加由准静态模式转变为动态模式;均匀密度与正梯度泡沫铝的冲击波传播以单波为主,而负梯度泡沫铝冲击波的传播出现了由后波主导向前波主导转变的双波现象;双波传播过程中泡沫铝冲击端的部分动能转化为未变形区的动能,导致前波与后波波速降低。结论验证了梯度泡沫铝冲击波理论分析模型的有效性,揭示了不同冲击速度下密度梯度对泡沫铝的动态压溃机理与冲击波传播特性的影响机制,为梯度泡沫材料在工程防护中的应用提供理论和技术支撑。

Abstract

The work aims to investigate the dynamic crushing behavior and shock wave propagation in continuously density-graded aluminium foams under constant-velocity impact. A one-dimensional nonlinear shock wave model was established based on a rate independent rigid-plastic hardening (R-PH) constitutive relation, and a microscale finite element model was developed by 2D Voronoi to simulate the dynamic crushing process, analyze the typical dynamic deformation mode and stress-strain response of gradient aluminum foams, reveal the one-dimensional velocity field distribution law and shock wave propagation characteristics of gradient aluminum foams, and compare the average velocity of the wavefront obtained by theoretical and finite element calculations. The results showed that compared with the single deformation mode of uniform density and positive gradient aluminium foams under impact, the negative gradient aluminium foams transitioned from quasi-static to dynamic deformation with increasing velocity. Shock wave propagation in uniform and positive gradient foams was dominated by a single wave, whereas negative gradient foams displayed double waves by a shift from backward wave to forward wave dominance. During wave propagation, part of the kinetic energy was transferred to the undeformed region, reducing the velocity of both forward and backward waves. The study validates the effectiveness of the theoretical shock model and elucidates the dynamic crushing mechanisms and wave propagation characteristics under different impact velocities and density distribution, providing theoretical and technical support for the application of graded aluminium foams in protective engineering.

导出引用

吴晨曦, 刘凯, 敬霖. 基于二维Voronoi模型的密度梯度泡沫铝冲击波传播特性研究[J]. 包装工程（技术栏目）. 2025, 46(19): 31-40 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.19.004

WU Chenxi, LIU Kai, JING Lin. Shock Wave Propagation Characteristics in Density-gradient Aluminium Foams Based on 2D Voronoi Model[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2025, 46(19): 31-40 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.19.004

中图分类号： TB34 O341

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