目的 基于乏燃料贮运容器的操作特点,设计并制造一套专用的吊装工具,解决因容器重量大、操作空间有限、环境辐射等因素带来的操作问题,满足在容器接收、装卸料及运输前后准备过程中的操作要求,实现容器、乏燃料组件和操作人员的安全。方法 采用“要求分析-结构设计-计算校核-试验验证”的方法,首先对容器垂直吊具的设计要求进行分析,包括容器操作对吊具的功能要求、接口要求、环境要求和核电厂操作程序要求。其次在设计要求的基础上,提出垂直吊具的整体结构和气动控制系统的设计方案,并根据国外容器吊具的使用经验,对设计方案进行优化,尤其是对提升衬套的结构形式进行改进,并根据垂直吊具的载荷工况和使用环境,对其关键部件进行材料选择。然后提出垂直吊具的计算准则,对关键承载部件的危险截面进行了强度校核。最后制造出一套垂直吊具试验样机,并进行载荷试验和气密性试验,提出吊具的定期维护要求。结果 根据强度校核结果,所设计的垂直吊具各关键承载部件危险截面的计算应力均小于许用应力,安全裕量大于1。根据载荷试验和气密性试验结果可得,所制造的垂直吊具关键承载部位在试验后质量检验合格,气动控制系统密封性好。根据现场的使用情况,垂直吊具能够满足容器用户的实际需求。结论 垂直吊具的理论计算和试验的结果均满足设计要求,证明了垂直吊具的设计可以满足乏燃料贮运容器的功能要求和安全要求,同时为关键核设备的设计和研制提供了一种方法。
Abstract
The work aims to design and manufacture a dedicated set of lifting yoke based on the operational characteristics of spent fuel storage and transportation casks to address challenges arising from the heavy cask weight, limited operating space, and environmental radiation, thereby ensuring safe handling during cask receipt, fuel loading/unloading, and pre-/post-transportation preparations and safeguarding the cask, spent fuel assemblies, and operating personnel. The "requirement analysis - structural design - calculation verification - experimental validation" methodology was adopted. Firstly, the design requirements of the vertical lifting yoke for the cask were analyzed, including functional requirements for cask handling operations, interface requirements, environmental requirements, and operational procedure requirements of the nuclear power plant. Next, based on the design requirements, the overall structure and pneumatic control system of the vertical lifting yoke were proposed. The design was then optimized by leveraging international experience in cask lifting yoke, with particular improvements made to the structural configuration of the lifting bushing. Key components were selected based on the load conditions and operational environment of the vertical lifting yoke. Subsequently, the calculation criteria for the vertical lifting yoke were established, and strength verification was conducted for critical load-bearing sections of high-risk components. Finally, a prototype of the vertical lifting yoke was manufactured and subjected to load testing and airtightness testing. Periodic maintenance requirements for the lifting yoke were also defined. Based on the strength verification results, the calculated stresses of all critical load-bearing sections in the designed vertical lifting yoke were below the allowable stress, with a safety margin greater than 1. The load testing and airtightness testing confirmed that the manufactured vertical lifting yoke met quality inspection standards after testing, with the pneumatic control system demonstrating excellent sealing performance. Field applications proved that the vertical lifting yoke fully complied with the operational requirements of cask handling. Both theoretical calculations and experimental results of the vertical lifting yoke meet the design requirements, demonstrating that its design fulfills the functional and safety requirements for spent fuel storage and transportation containers. This also provides a validated methodology for the design and development of other critical nuclear equipment.
关键词
贮运容器 /
垂直吊具 /
乏燃料 /
安全
Key words
storage and transportation cask /
vertical lifting yoke /
spent fuel /
safe
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