目的 在荔枝自动分装过程中,果实间及果实与分装结构间的接触参数不明确,导致分装效率较低。通过离散元法对荔枝颗粒仿真模型进行接触参数标定,为相关分装设备的设计提供理论支持。方法 利用EDEM软件建立颗粒模型,通过碰撞弹跳、斜面滑移和滚动试验等方法,测定荔枝与不锈钢、亚克力、泡沫塑料的碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦因数和滚动摩擦因数。同时,基于堆积角试验和最陡爬坡试验结果,确定二次回归正交旋转组合试验的因素水平和方案,同时采用响应面法对多元二次方程进行多目标优化,最终确定荔枝果实间接触参数组合,并通过抬升无底圆筒试验和分装试验,验证模型的准确性。结果 标定得到荔枝与不锈钢、亚克力、泡沫塑料的碰撞恢复系数分别为0.498、0.462、0.342,静摩擦因数分别为0.356、0.347、0.598,滚动摩擦因数分别为0.037 5、0.038 7、0.039 8。优化得到荔枝果实间接触参数组合,碰撞恢复系数为0.243,静摩擦因数为0.374,滚动摩擦因数为0.127。仿真试验与台架试验得到的堆积角误差为3.59%。结论 成功标定了荔枝颗粒的接触参数,仿真参数准确、可靠,可为荔枝物理特性研究及分装设备设计提供理论依据和模型支持,达到了提高分装效率的研究目的。
Abstract
The contact parameters between lychee fruits and between fruits and packaging structures are unclear during lychee automatic packaging, which leads to low packaging efficiency. The work aims to calibrate the contact parameters of lychee particle simulation models using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to provide theoretical support for the design of related packaging equipment. The EDEM software was used to establish particle models. The coefficients of restitution, static friction coefficients, and rolling friction coefficients between lychees and materials such as stainless steel, acrylic, and foam plastic were determined through collision rebound, slope sliding, and rolling experiments. Based on the results of angle of repose and steepest slope tests, the factors and levels of a second-order regression orthogonal rotational combination experiment were determined. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was then applied to optimize the multivariate quadratic equation for multiple objectives, ultimately determining the optimal combination of contact parameters between lychee fruits. The accuracy of the model was verified through lift-off cylindrical experiments and packaging experiments. The calibrated coefficients of restitution were 0.498 for stainless steel, 0.462 for acrylic, and 0.342 for foam plastic; the static friction coefficients were 0.356, 0.347, and 0.598 respectively; and the rolling friction coefficients were 0.037 5, 0.038 7, and 0.039 8, respectively. The optimized combination of contact parameters for lychee fruits was a coefficient of restitution of 0.243, a static friction coefficient of 0.374, and a rolling friction coefficient of 0.127. The error of piling angle between the simulated and physical experiments of was 3.59%. This study successfully calibrates the contact parameters of lychee particles, providing accurate and reliable simulation parameters that support the research of lychee physical properties and the design of packaging equipment, thereby achieving the research goal of improving packaging efficiency.
关键词
荔枝 /
离散元法 /
接触参数
Key words
lychee /
discrete element method /
contact parameters
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基金
广东省省级科技计划（2023B0202090003, 2023B0202090004）; 国家自然科学基金（32472023）; 广州市农村科技特派员项目（2025D04J0092）; 广东特支计划（农业和乡村振兴人才） 榜单项目（NYQN2024010）; 广州市重点领域研发课题（2023B01J2001）
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