目的 研究不同模体结构下,纸纤维模制品形变、能量吸收和弹性恢复等缓冲性能的差异。方法 以植物纤维混合浆（竹浆、甘蔗浆、木浆）为原料,采用湿法成型与模内干燥工艺制备纤维模制品,通过静态压缩和动态冲击等测试,研究传统模体结构和低应力模体结构的载荷位移、不同压缩位移下的能量吸收、动态冲击随质量变化下峰值加速度变化等表现。结果 2种模体结构变形达到50%时,传统结构体的载荷达到3 200 N,低应力结构体的载荷达到2 800 N,传统结构体反作用到产品上的载荷值增加了25%;此时传统模体吸收能量为14 000 J,低应力模体吸收能量为15 000 J;低应力模体结构在弹性恢复方面明显优于传统模体结构,弹性恢复率高出约15%;在0.85~2.75 kg冲击质量范围内达到峰值加速度最小值的重锤质量均在1.5~2.5 kg内,其中2次冲击测试均表现出低应力模体结构的峰值加速度低于传统模体,峰值加速度仅为传统模体的70%。结论 低应力结构设计能够更有效地降低作用在内装物上的应力,在静态压缩与动态冲击实验中有更好的保护功能,且低应力模体结构在生产中设计增大了拔模斜度,有利于增加制品生产过程中的良品率,为纤维模制品的设计与应用提供了重要参考依据。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the cushioning performance of molded paper fiber products with different mold structures, focusing on deformation, energy absorption, and elastic recovery. Samples were prepared using a mixed plant fiber pulp (bamboo, bagasse, and wood) via wet molding and in-mold drying processes. Static compression and dynamic impact tests were conducted to compare the load-displacement behavior, energy absorption at varying compression levels, and peak acceleration under different impact masses for both traditional and low-stress mold design. Results showed that at 50% deformation, the traditional structure withstood a load of 3 200 N, 25% higher than the 2 800 N load of the low-stress structure. The energy absorbed was 14 000 J for the traditional and 15 000 J for the low-stress design. The low-stress structure exhibited approximately 15% higher elastic recovery. Within an impact mass range of 0.85-2.75 kg, minimum peak accelerations occurred at 1.5-2.5 kg, with the low-stress design consistently showing 30% lower peak accelerations compared with the traditional structure. In conclusion, the low-stress structural design more effectively reduces stress on packaged items, offers improved protective performance under both static and dynamic conditions, and enhances manufacturability through increased draft angles, providing a valuable reference for the structural design and application of molded fiber packaging.
关键词
纤维模制品 /
结构变化 /
拔模斜度 /
模体性能测试
Key words
fiber molding /
structural changes /
draft angle /
mold performance testing
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2022YFD2100402）
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