The work aims to improve the protective performance of the military shelter and meet the overall requirements for maneuver warfare and stereoscopic attack and defense. The main threats to military shelter in modern warfare were analyzed, and the main protective materials and structures of military explosion-proof and bullet-proof shelter were compared and studied. The high performance fiber composite materials and new structure featured by low cost, strong strength, light weight and small volume are the development direction of the military explosion-proof and bullet-proof shelter.