The work aims to study the quality detection method of barcode, in order to ensure the rapid identification and information transmission of the commodity barcode in the logistics system. Barcode area was separated firstly. Considering the special properties of barcode and meeting its readable function, the printing quality detection method of EAN-13 commodity barcode was designed, including the readable detection and printing defect detection. On the basis of national standard for the barcode detection, the barcode could read the detected part, and the scan reflectance profile analysis and barcode quality grading method were used to determine whether the barcode could be read. After the part to be detected for barcode defect was treated by barcode correction, segmentation of barcode and character and barcode size normalization, the barcode defect detection algorithm based on vertical projection was chosen to detect such barcode defects as void and spot. The reading accuracy of the barcode reading program for the qualified and defective products was 100%. The average detection time of the barcode defect detection algorithm program was 93.35 ms, and the detection accuracy was 94%. In conclusion, the quality detection system of barcode has higher detection accuracy and can well meet the requirements of machine vision defect detection speed.