The work aims to analyze the relationship between the edgewise compression strength of corrugated board and its basic physical parameters. The edgewise compression strength of corrugated board with different structural parameters corresponding to the medium with different elasticity moduli and Poisson's ratios was measured by tests. When a certain amount of materials were provided, the larger the quantity of the medium was, the thicker the paper was. The longitudinal modulus of elasticity was always larger than the transverse modulus of elasticity; with the increase in the quantity of the medium of the same type, its longitudinal and transverse moduli of elasticity and shear modulus gradually increased. For the corrugated board with the same quantity of core papers and a different quantity of surface paper, the edgewise compression strength would increase with the increase in the quantity of surface paper. For the corrugated boards of same materials and different shapes, their edgewise compression strengths from large to small were type A, type B and type C. The parameters, such as physical property of corrugated medium and the structure of corrugated board have decisive impacts on the edgewise compression strength of corrugated board.