The work aims to prepare the composites with good conductivity by taking the graphene oxide modified by octadecylamine (ODA) (GO-ODA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as the main materials. The thermoplastic polyurethane/functionalized graphene (TPU/GO-ODA) composites were prepared by solution casting and hot pressing process. The structure and conductivity of GO-ODA were investigated and the effects of GO-ODA on the conductivity and tension-resistance sensitivity of TPU/GO-ODA composites were analyzed. The results showed that the conductivity of GO-ODA was obviously superior to GO; the TPU/GO-ODA composites prepared were of good conductivity, and their tension-resistance sensing behaviors were of good repeatability. TPU/GO-ODA has good conductivity, strain response capacity and repeatability.