The work aims to review the advantages and disadvantages of polylactic acid film materials and the factors and modified technology affecting the barrier properties, in order to provide theoretical basis for packaging, especially food flexible packaging industry. Based on polylactic acid film materials, the self-reason for the impact on polylactic acid barrier properties was summarized. The modification method of polylactic acid film was elaborated in such aspects as physical modification, compound modification, chemical modification and surface coating treatment. Polylactic acid was biodegradable, and its preparation and degradation did not pollute the environment, but it needed to be modified because of its poor barrier properties. Various modification methods had their respective advantages and disadvantages. As the modification technology of polylactic acid film material still has some shortcomings, a kind of simple and low-cost equipment without sacrificing the biocompatibility of materials is to be developed and improved.