The work aims to study the effects of quality inspection of fumigation treatment on physical and chemical properties of poplar. Three kinds of fumigation agents (carbonyl sulfide (COS), methyl bromide (MB) and sulfuryl fluoride (SF)) were used for fumigation treatment of Populus lasiocarpa Oliv. at different concentrations. Color difference analysis, mechanical property test, scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared spectroscopic analysis and other methods were used to compare the physical and chemical properties of Populus lasiocarpa Oliv. before and after fumigation treatment. After the treatment with three kinds of fumigation agents, the wood color of Populus lasiocarpa Oliv. was remarkably changed, in which COS fumigation treatment showed a minimum effect on wood discoloration. After COS fumigation treatment, the parallel-to-grain compressive strength, static bending strength and elastic modulus of Populus lasiocarpa Oliv. wood decreased significantly. When the mass concentration of fumigation agent was 124.2 g/m3, the strength mechanics declined by up to 8%~12%. The surface fine structure of samples was maintained after the fumigation treatment. In the infrared spectrogram of Populus lasiocarpa Oliv., the absorption peak got obviously stronger at 1734 cm-1 after MB or SF fumigation treatment and C==O bond increased obviously. The absorption peak strengths were decreased at 1598, 1510, 1245 cm-1 after COS fumigation treatment. Fumigation treatment will change the wood packaging material color and mechanical property, and obvious residues of fumigation agents stay inside the wood. However, the reaction of fumigation agents with the chemicals inside the wood still needs further discussion.