The work aims to research the method to scientifically determine the storage period of aviation materials. An in-depth analysis on the current situation of and the factors that affect the storage period of aviation materials was conducted. During the research, the storage period of aviation materials was determined based on the transportation experiment, storage test and computer simulation calculation. On the basis of that, the possibility to prolong the storage period of aviation materials was discussed. The key factors that affect the storage period of aviation materials were water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability of the packaging materials. According to the key factors, the storage period of aviation materials could be calculated. In conclusion, the storage period of aviation materials can be determined based on the transportation experiment, storage test and computer simulation calculation, which has great significance for the prolonging of the storage period.