The work aims to analyze the existing matts-shaped wooden pallet of some steel company and improve & optimize its structure, so as to achieve the design method that gives considerations to both load-bearing property and cost saving and reduces the timbers to be used. After the mechanical model of stockpiling conditions for matts-shaped and overhang-beam type wooden pallets (with 3 stringers and 3 beams) was built, the theoretical deduction and research of force bearing conditions of wooden pallets were conducted. The optimized design scheme was made according to the results. The lifting and multi-stockpiling conditions in finite element method were simulated to obtain the stress response of wooden pallets. By doing so, the correctness of optimized design scheme was verified. By replacing the matts-shaped wooden pallets, the overhang-beam type wooden pallets had less bending stress under the stockpiling. Under the same conditions, the overhand-beam type wooden pallets could bear the same load applied to matts-shaped ones with lower costs. The overhang-beam type wooden pallets can save timbers, other consumables and manufacturing costs, and have a good value in engineering application.