The reasonable optimization of military vehicle equipment container loading was conducted, in order to improve the utilization rate of container space. The importance of military vehicle equipment container stowage problem was expounded, the packing and stowage problem was theoretically analyzed, ant colony algorithm was applied to establish mathematical model and implement the process, and the rationality of the algorithm was verified through case analysis. Using ant colony algorithm to simulate and optimize container loading problem, the container utilization rate reached 88.96%, and the optimal container stowage plan was determined. The ant colony algorithm could be used to reasonably optimize the military vehicle equipment container loading problem.