Preparation and performance of bamboo fiber/starch foam composites were studied in this paper. The influencing law of different component contents on the mechanics and properties of the foam materials was analyzed, in order to determine the energy absorption performance of bamboo fiber/starch foam composites prepared under the optimal composition and conditions. Bamboo fiber, starch, ammonium bicarbonate, glycerol and water were mixed at a certain ratio to prepare bamboo fiber/starch foam composites using baking foaming method, and the influencing law of the contents of foaming agent, starch and plasticizer on the performance of the bamboo fiber/starch foam materials was explored from an energy absorption standpoint, thus the optimal foaming condition was determined. With increasing foaming agent and starch contents, the plateau stress and total energy absorption capability showed a tendency of first increasing and then decreasing. The increasing content of plasticizer could improve the plasticity of the product, but reduce the plateau stress and energy absorption capability of the product. The optimal ratio of bamboo fiber∶starch∶demonized water∶ammonium bicarbonate∶ glycerol was determined to be 1∶2∶3∶1∶0.8. The bamboo fiber/starch foam composites prepared under the optimal condition had a certain cushioning energy absorption capacity, and its static cushioning performance was similar to that of EPS. Therefore, the composites could be used in logistics protection of products.