The PVC/Poplar powder composite foam was prepared and its properties were investigated. The moulding method was used to prepare the composite foam, and the compressive test was used to characterize the properties of the composite foam. The density of the composite foam was increased as the filling content of poplar powder was increased. The compressive stress was increased firstly then decreased as the filling content of poplar powder was increased. When the content of poplar powder was 10 portions, the compressive stress was the maximum. The compressive stress was increased firstly then decreased as the mesh number of poplar powder was increased. When the mesh number was 100 meshes, the compressive stress was the maximum. The moulding method can be used to prepare the PVC/Poplar powder composite foam. The properties of composite foam were influenced by the content of AC foaming agent, the filling content and the mesh number of poplar powder.