To explore the roughness tactile properties of straw board surface. In this paper, the psychological feeling of surface roughness (tactile and visual) experiments were conducted for straw board base materials with different densities after sanding treatment using sandpaper of different types (Mesh 180#, 360#, 600#). The effects of different sandpaper types, sanding time and the density of the straw board itself on the surface roughness tactile properties were analyzed. The influence of sanding treatment on the surface roughness characterization parameters of the straw board specimens (the arithmetical mean deviation Ra and the total height of a single microscopic irregularities within the unit length Rpv) was obvious. The difference between the 180# and 360# sandpaper was obvious, especially for 180#. The tactile and visual psychological quantities of 360# and 600# sandpaper grinded specimens were higher, and the psychological quantities of untreated and 180# sand grinding processed specimens were lower. The change in surface roughness of straw board with a density of 0.757 g/cm3 after sanding treatment with sandpaper of 0 ~ 180# was smaller than that of the specimen with a density of 0.554 g/cm3. The psychological difference of straw board specimens with a density of 0.554 g/cm3 was evident. When the sanding time was 1 min, the values of roughness characterization parameters Ra and Rpv increased slightly. After 3 min of sanding, Ra and Rpv tended to be stable. When the sanding time was 5 min, the roughness was basically unchanged. Determination values of the grinding time on the tactile mental content varied greatly, and the determination values of visual psychological were very close. The higher the straw board base material′ s density was, the lower the surface roughness was after sanding processing, and the more smooth the surface roughness was, the better the tactile properties were. There were great differences between the surface roughness of straw board before and after sanding. For the straw board surface treated by manual sanding, at the same sanding time, the higher the mesh of the sandpaper, the lower the surface roughness evaluation parameter values were, and the better the tactile properties were. The longer the sanding time was, the smaller the difference in the surface roughness parameter value was, and the smaller the difference between the tactile psychological quantity and the visual psychological amount was, besides, its influence on the tactile properties was not obvious.