Objective To investigate the variation characteristics in different parts of coconut petiole through a test on the fiber morphology, vascular morphology and tissue proportion. Methods Fibers were separated using Franklin segregation. Then their length, width and the cavity size were measured by Motic Images Plus2.0. Moreover, the shape of vascular bundle was observed and its size, density and tissue parameters were measured with Images Pro Plus. Results The fiber of coconut petiole was a long and well-distributed raw material with a length-width ratio of 72, and a wall-lumen ratio of 0.95. The vascular bundles were evenly dispersed in the thin wall. The long axis, short axis, and the area were smaller from the base to the tip, while the density and length-width ratio were the maximum on the tip. The fiber proportion was high, and increased from the base to the tip. Conclusion Coconut petiole is a superior plant fiber raw material, which can be used for production of high-quality packaging paper and reinforced compact material.