Objective To review the analysis of the chemical composition, structural characteristics, extraction process and research progress of mulberry fiber. Methods Chemical method and biological method are the most frequently used methods for extraction of mulberry fiber. Results Compared with other paper making raw materials, mulberry had the characteristics of high pectin content and low lignin content, the pectin content could reach up to 11.16%, while the lowest lignin content was 8.74%. The mulberry bark from different geographical areas had different pectin contents (about 30% difference), while the difference of lignin content was about 50%. The cross-section of mulberry fiber showed an elliptical or irregular shape. The fiber had uneven and rough surface. The key of mulberry fiber extraction was the removal of pectin. There were two methods to separate the mulberry fiber, the chemical method and the biological method. Conclusion The research from the textile aspect is near-perfect. The research from the papermaking aspect has just begun. Development of mulberry fiber related products, in order to increase its value, is the main direction of the next phase of research.