The northeast green pepper essential oil was extracted by steam distillation. The suffocating virulence effect of different exposure time and different concentrations of the northeast green pepper oil to Tribolium castaneum larvae was studied. The results showed that the extraction rate of the northeast green pepper oil is 7. 2% , which is relatively higher; the suffocating lethal effect of essential oil can be increased by extending the exposure time and increasing the concentration; the LC50 of 24, 48, and 72 h suffocating are 7. 78, 6. 18, and 5. 75 μL / L respectively; the LT50 of 6, 8, and 10 μL / L are 49. 65, 23. 26, and 15. 78 h respectively. The purpose was to provide basis for better selection of pepper oil concentration to control breeding and growth of Tribolium castaneum.