Experimental Study on Dynamic Mechanical Response of Gradient Buffer Structures Under High Impact

LIU Xiuguo; LI Changsheng

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.17.033

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Packaging Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (17) : 327-333. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.17.033

Equipment Protection

Experimental Study on Dynamic Mechanical Response of Gradient Buffer Structures Under High Impact

LIU Xiuguo, LI Changsheng^*

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Abstract

The work aims to investigate the dynamic response laws of buffer gaskets with different wave impedance medium combinations in confined spaces under high-impact environments and provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of high-performance buffer structures. Various wave impedance gradient buffer structures based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), metal rubber, and Kevlar fiber materials were constructed in this study. Impact experiments were carried out on test specimens with and without buffer structures of identical mass and configuration using an air hammer test rig. The time-domain acceleration responses were acquired, and the peak overload, pulse width, stress wave propagation, and attenuation characteristics were systematically analyzed. The results demonstrated that the impedance matching of the buffer structure directly determined its protection performance. In single-medium systems, the impact resistance of materials was negatively correlated with their wave impedance: metal rubber exhibited the optimal buffering performance, followed by TPU, while Kevlar was unsuitable for use as an independent buffer layer. In multi-medium systems, the reverse impedance gradient arrangement outperformed the sequential arrangement in terms of protection effect. The three-layer combination of "Kevlar-TPU-metal rubber" achieved the best buffering and protection performance due to the stepwise wave impedance matching and minimal stress wave reflection loading. This study indicates that targeted design of impedance matching at the interfaces between different media can effectively enhance the protection performance of multi-layer buffer systems, and buffer structures with reverse gradient media deliver the optimal effect. The findings provide methodological guidance and data support for investigating the protection performance of buffer gaskets under high impact from the perspective of stress wave reflection and attenuation.

Key words

gradient buffering / high-impact overload / air-hammer

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LIU Xiuguo, LI Changsheng. Experimental Study on Dynamic Mechanical Response of Gradient Buffer Structures Under High Impact[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(17): 327-333 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.17.033

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